《过华清宫绝句三首》翻译及注释
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唐代：杜牧
长安回望绣成堆，山顶千门次第开。
译文：在长安回头远望骊山宛如一堆堆锦绣，山顶上华清宫千重门依次打开。
注释：绣成堆：骊山右侧有东绣岭，左侧有西绣岭。唐玄宗在岭上广种林木花卉，郁郁葱葱。千门：形容山顶宫殿壮丽，门户众多。次第：依次。
一骑红尘妃子笑，无人知是荔枝来。
译文：一骑驰来烟尘滚滚妃子欢心一笑，无人知道是南方送了荔枝鲜果来。
注释：红尘：这里指飞扬的尘土。妃子：指杨贵妃。知是：一作“知道”。
新丰绿树起黄埃，数骑渔阳探使回。
译文：绿树环绕的新丰一带不时可见黄尘四起，那是前往渔阳的探使返回。
注释：新丰：唐设新丰县，在陕西临潼县东北，离华清宫不远。黄埃：马队奔驰踏起的尘土。
霓裳一曲千峰上，舞破中原始下来。
译文：他们谎报军情，唐玄宗和杨贵妃仍旧沉溺于歌舞，直至安禄山起兵，中原残破。
注释：霓裳：《霓裳羽衣曲》，当时的宫廷舞曲，是唐玄宗根据西凉节度使杨敬述进献的印度《婆罗门》舞曲十二遍亲自改编而成的。千峰：指骊山的众多山峰。舞破中原：指唐玄宗耽于享乐而误国，导致安史之乱。
万国笙歌醉太平，倚天楼殿月分明。
译文：全国上下沉浸在一片歌舞升平之中，骊山上宫殿楼阁在月光下显得格外分明。
注释：万国：指全国。倚天：形容骊山宫殿的雄伟壮观。
云中乱拍禄山舞，风过重峦下笑声。
译文：安禄山拖着肥胖的身体翩翩作胡旋舞，引发了杨贵妃的笑声随风飘扬越过层层山峰。
注释：云中两句：《旧唐书·安禄山传》载：禄山体肥，重三百三十斤，但却能在唐玄宗面前表演胡旋舞，其疾如风。旁边的宫人拍掌击节，因为舞得太快，节拍都乱了。
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文征明《
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满江红·拂拭残碑》
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李商隐《
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茂陵》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。