送友人归
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宋代]：郑思肖
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年高雪满簪，唤渡浙江浔。
花落一杯酒，月明千里心。
凤凰身宇宙，麋鹿性山林。
别后空回首，冥冥烟树深。
送友人归译文及注释
译文
您鬓发如雪，年事已高，呼唤渡船，在烟水迷离的浙江之滨。
正值落花时节。我们举杯惜别，别后看明月朗照，千里同心。
您像凤凰，志在腾身浩渺的太空；我似麇鹿，生性喜爱幽静的山林。
分手后我徒然回头远望。却只见幽暗的丛林笼罩着烟云。
注释
1、雪满簪（zān）：即满头白发。簪：古人用以绾结长发的物件。
2、浙江：水名，此指钱塘江。浔（xún）：水边。
3、花落：指暮春时节。
4、凤凰：传说中鸟名，品性高洁。身宇宙：即凤举，意举止高尚。
5、麋鹿：俗称四不像，是中国传统中神奇吉祥的物种。古人将麋鹿换角当作万物复苏、四季更替的标志，甚至还用糜鹿角来占卜凶吉。
6、冥冥：昏暗朦胧的样子。
参考资料：
1、张学文评著．离梦别魂 历代送别诗词大观：长征出版社，2007.1：第344页
2、赵祖堃等选注．宋诗三百首：新疆青少年出版社，2007.03：第179页
送友人归创作背景
这首诗具体创作时间不详。作者在暮春的某一个傍晚，送别一位年事已高志同道合的朋友，此别后，恐怕永无相见之日。于是写下这首诗表达自己十分沉重和迷乱的心情。
参考资料：
1、乐云主编．唐宋诗鉴赏全典：崇文书局，2011.11：第1238页
2、赵祖堃等选注．宋诗三百首：新疆青少年出版社，2007.03：第179页
送友人归鉴赏
首联切合题目，写友人的形象和送别的地点。友人年事已高，满头如雪的白发，是一位皤然老叟。友人归去，取道水路，送行的地点是在浙江边，这两句各自构成一幅简单的画面，迎风飘拂的白发和烟水迷离的江面互相映衬，显出一种悲凉的气氛。
颔联作为首联的补充，点明送别的时节和情景，暮春时节，群芳凋零。花落花飞，红消香断，诗人本已感慨丛生，更何况在此落花时节，友人要千里归去。与友人就此握别，何日重逢，能否再见，均未可卜，此情此景，令人黯然神伤。只有这临别的一杯酒，也许能略壮行色，并可将恼人的离愁别绪冲淡些。对句即从眼前实景推开一层，虚写抒情，是劝慰朋友，也聊以自慰，不要为别离过分感伤，虽相隔千里。也可以共享皎洁的月光。语出谢庄《月赋》：“美人迈兮音尘阙，隔千里兮共明月。”与苏轼“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”同意。一二两联多系实写，故颈联纯从虚处着笔，避免了文情的板滞。这一联以两个精整的对句，写友人、也是自己的抱负和志趣。诗人送别的友人是谁，这位友人的性格节操以及千里归去的缘由，一二联均阚而未提，但从作者送别的深情厚谊，隐然可见这位朋友的高尚人格。这两句便点明友人此行是归隐山林，因而可以推测这首诗写作的时间当在宋亡以后。上句以《庄子》中背负青天高飞九万里的大鹏来比友人放情江海作逍遥游。下句以山林麋鹿喻友人的疏野之性。两句既是赞友人，也是自喻。但是郑思肖系心家国，就在元兵已南下，南宋王朝濒临绝境之际，还以极大的义愤，叩阍上书太后、幼主（恭宗），激昂慷慨。所以他与友人此时的离世高蹈，决不是性喜山林，而是表现了决不向新朝俯首的气节。
尾联勒回，关合“送别”，在友人的归帆渐远渐隐之际，回眸凝望，只有烟雾萦绕的林木，昏黑幽暗，深不可测。“冥冥烟树深”，是写景，也暗示作者在易代之际心情的沉重和迷乱。这是诗中写景之句，富于象征性。它深化了诗的意境，余音不尽，具唱叹之致。
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薛昂夫《
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楚天遥过清江引·屈指数春来》
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徐陵《
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别毛永嘉》
郑思肖简介
唐代·郑思肖的简介
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郑思肖（1241～1318）宋末诗人、画家，连江（今属福建）人。原名不详，宋亡后改名思肖，因肖是宋朝国姓赵的组成部分。字忆翁，表示不忘故国；号所南，日常坐卧，要向南背北。亦自称菊山后人、景定诗人、三外野人、三外老夫等。曾以太学上舍生应博学鸿词试。元军南侵时，曾向朝廷献抵御之策，未被采纳。后客居吴下，寄食报国寺。郑思肖擅长作墨兰，花叶萧疏而不画根土，意寓宋土地已被掠夺。有诗集《心史》、《郑所南先生文集》、《所南翁一百二十图诗集》等。
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