望江怨·东风急
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唐代]：牛峤
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东风急，惜别花时手频执，罗帏愁独入。马嘶残雨春芜湿。
倚门立，寄语薄情郎，粉香和泪泣。
望江怨·东风急译文及注释
译文
正是春风劲吹的时候，我们却依依惜别频频执手，人去楼空春仍在，我真怕独入闺楼。残雨淋湿了路边的青草，飘来骏马远去的嘶吼。
我久久地倚门伫立，多少话儿涌上心头。薄情的郎君你可知道，我的泪水在和着妆粉流。
注释
花时：花开时节。手频执：多次执手，表示惜别依依之情。
罗帷：丝制帷幔。
马嘶：马嘶鸣。春芜：春天的草野。春芜，一作“香草”。
望江怨·东风急鉴赏
这首词是女子对薄情郎分别时的寄语。开头三句写分别时的凄苦。“马嘶”二句写行者远去，送者伫立。最后是女主人公对薄情郎的寄语，意在以痴情感动男子。这写出了封建时代被侮辱的女子的共同心理与命运。
这是一首闺中词，咏女子盼望情郎不归的怨恨。从体式看，这是一首小令，单调不分开。从情节结构看，它包含三层意思：一忆惜别，二叙等待，三寄情思。每层之间，既有内在联系，又留下大块想象余地。词的发端运用追忆手法，以突兀而来的“东风急”领起，似乎有一种紧迫感。东风劲吹，百花争艳，这是一个春意盎然的季节。在此良辰美景，一对GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人双手紧握，离别在即。那依依惜别，难舍难分，万语千言之情，全从这个富有动作性的“频”字中传达出来。两情是何等的深挚、热切。“东风”、“花时”，点明了“惜别”的物候和时令。作品以美好的景致和环境，反衬离愁凄恻之情，收到相反相成之效。第三句补上一笔，正面点出“愁”来。这个“愁”字，把女主人公闷闷不乐、郁郁寡欢的情态和心境写出来了。而“独人”，更点出她从此孤居寂寞的处境。正当她沉浸在痛苦的回忆时，突然远处传来了马嘶声。“倚门立”应“马嘶”，为有所盼的动作。不言而谕，以为“郎骑青骢马”归来了。但竟不所愿，门外只见“残雨春芜湿”。此句当从杜诗“雨露洗春芜”化出。牛词用此，语意双关，既点明此时此际的实景：淅淅沥沥、时断时续的雨水，春草都沾湿了；又隐喻这位女子暗暗抽泣，泪痕斑斑，如同残雨。“马嘶”声没有给她带来希望，反而倍增其凄楚之情。难怪她要责骂那个无情无义的“薄情郎”了。
牛峤此词在布景造情、章法安排、选调用韵等方面，颇具特色。它以女主人公“倚门立”为轴心，思路朝两个方向延伸：一是对往事的追忆、惜别的难舍，勾画出一幅情深似海的“惜别图”，切望GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人归来的思想基础。一是对未来的思考，遥寄相思的深沉，倾诉别后的情怀。哀怨、惆怅、失望、期待各种思绪错综交织，弹出一曲“诉衷情”。今朝与昔日沟通，景物是个触媒。此时眼前所见的“春芜”，触发往日彼时的“花时”；由“残雨湿”引出“和泪泣”，又从昔时的“手频执”，反照今日的“薄情郎”。而“薄情”却从“马嘶残雨春芜湿”的写景中透露出消息。俞陛云说此词“情调凄恻”。其实不甚然。“马嘶”声虽然没有给她带来喜讯，但她不灰心，不气馁，不从此罢休，相反，她仍然充满信心，寄予希望，托人捎信，一吐衷情为快。“粉香和泪泣”，与李煜《望江南》“多少泪，断脸复横颐”有类似之处，但李词写得切直显露，牛词则柔中藏刚，绝望中隐含着希望，纤弱中带着一股劲气。有怨愤，有离恨，但更表现了她的痴顽、执着和追求。
用入声韵是此词的另一个特点。此词单调三十五字，七句六韵：急、执、入、湿、立、泣。入声韵气急而短促，它与离妇等待情郎归来急切之情、失望之怨和厚笃痴顽之性甚相吻合。
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贾岛《
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冬夜送人》
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王昌龄《
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送任五之桂林》
牛峤简介
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牛峤，字松卿（约公元890年前后在世），一字延峰，陇西人。生卒年均不详，约唐昭宗大顺初前后在世。乾符五年（公元878年）进士及第。历官拾遗，补尚书郎，后人又称“牛给事”。以词著名，词格类温庭筠。原有歌诗集三卷，今存词三十三首，（见《花间集》）诗六首。
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