别董大二首
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唐代]：高适
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别董大二首译文及注释
译文
千里黄云蔽天日色暗昏昏，北风吹着归雁大雪纷纷。
不要担心前路茫茫没有知己，普天之下哪个不识君？
就像鸟儿六翮飘摇自伤自怜，离开京洛已经十多年。
大丈夫贫贱谁又心甘情愿，今天相逢可掏不出酒钱。
注释
董大：指董庭兰，是当时有名的音乐家 。在其兄弟中排名第一，故称“董大”。
黄云：天上的乌云，在阳光下，乌云是暗黄色，所以叫黄云。曛 ：昏暗。白日曛，即太阳黯淡无光。
谁人：哪个人。君：你，这里指董大。
翮（hé）：鸟的羽翼。飘飖（yáo）：飘动。六翮飘飖，比喻四处奔波而无结果。
京洛：长安和洛阳。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010年12月版：第113页
2、谢楚发．高适岑参诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991年10月版：第47-48页
3、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选（一）．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999年9月版：第500-501页
别董大二首创作背景
公元747年（唐玄宗天宝六年）春天，吏部尚书房琯被贬出朝，门客董庭兰也离开长安。是年冬，与高适会于睢阳（故址在今河南省商丘县南），高适写了《别董大二首》。
参考资料：
1、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选（一）．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999年9月版：第500-501页
别董大二首鉴赏
在唐人赠别诗篇中，那些凄清缠绵、低徊留连的作品，固然感人至深，但另外一种慷慨悲歌、出自肺腑的诗作，却又以它的真诚情谊，坚强信念，为灞桥柳色与渭城风雨涂上了另一种豪放健美的色彩。高适的《别董大二首》便是后一种风格的佳篇。
这两首送别诗作于公元747年（天宝六年），当时高适在睢阳，送别的对象是著名的琴师董庭兰。盛唐时盛行胡乐，能欣赏七弦琴这类古乐的人不多。崔珏有诗道：“七条弦上五音寒，此艺知音自古难。惟有河南房次律，始终怜得董庭兰。”这时高适也很不得志，到处浪游，常处于贫贱的境遇之中。但在这两首送别诗中，高适却以开朗的胸襟，豪迈的语调把临别赠言说得激昂慷慨，鼓舞人心。
从诗的内容来看，这两篇作品当是写高适与董大久别重逢，经过短暂的聚会以后，又各奔他方的赠别之作。而且，两个人都处在困顿不达的境遇之中，贫贱相交自有深沉的感慨。诗的第二首可作如是理解。第一首却胸襟开阔，写别离而一扫缠绵忧怨的老调，雄壮豪迈，堪与王勃“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”的情境相媲美。
“千里黄云白日曛，北风吹雁雪纷纷。”这两句以其内心之真，写别离心绪，故能深挚；以胸襟之阔，叙眼前景色，故能悲壮。曛，即曛黄，指夕阳西沉时的昏黄景色。
落日黄云，大野苍茫，唯北方冬日有此景象。此情此景，若稍加雕琢，即不免斫伤气势。高适于此自是作手。日暮黄昏，且又大雪纷飞，于北风狂吹中，唯见遥空断雁，出没寒云，使人难禁日暮天寒、游子何之之感。以才人而沦落至此，几使人无泪可下，亦唯如此，故知己不能为之甘心。头两句以叙景而见内心之郁积，虽不涉人事，已使人如置身风雪之中，似闻山巅水涯有壮士长啸。此处如不用尽气力，则不能见下文转折之妙，也不能见下文言辞之婉转，用心之良苦，友情之深挚，别意之凄酸。
“莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君。”这两句是对朋友的劝慰：此去你不要担心遇不到知己，天下哪个不知道你董庭兰啊！话说得多么响亮，多么有力，于慰藉中充满着信心和力量，激励朋友抖擞精神去奋斗、去拼搏。于慰藉之中充满信心和力量。因为是知音，说话才朴质而豪爽。又因其沦落，才以希望为慰藉。
“六翮飘飖私自怜，一离京洛十余年。丈夫贫贱应未足，今日相逢无酒钱。”可见他当时也还处于“无酒钱”的“贫贱”境遇之中。这两首早期不得意时的赠别之作，不免“借他人酒杯，浇自己块垒”。但诗人于慰藉中寄希望，因而给人一种满怀信心和力量的感觉。
诗人在即将分手之际，全然不写千丝万缕的离愁别绪，而是满怀激情地鼓励友人踏上征途，迎接未来。诗之所以卓绝，是因为高适“多胸臆语，兼有气骨”（殷璠《河岳英灵集》）、“以气质自高”（《唐诗纪事》），因而能为志士增色，为游子拭泪。如果不是诗人内心的郁积喷薄而出，则不能把临别赠语说得如此体贴入微，如此坚定不移，也就不能使此朴素无华之语言，铸造出这等冰清玉洁、醇厚动人的诗情。
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许浑《
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留赠偃师主人》
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元稹《
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重赠》
高适简介
唐代·高适的简介
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高适是我国唐代著名的边塞诗人，世称“高常侍”。 作品收录于《高常侍集》。高适与岑参并称“高岑”，其诗作笔力雄健，气势奔放，洋溢着盛唐时期所特有的奋发进取、蓬勃向上的时代精神。
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不求丹凤食，不学景龙吟。
自有慈仁意，相依岁月深。
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送人还山
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元代：
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善住
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茅茨抛在翠微间，即栗横肩又独还。松树别来巢鹤大，铜瓶归去蛰龙閒。
西风黄叶埋寒径，落日青猿叫乱山。后夜月明谁是伴，枕前飞瀑响潺潺。