赠头陀师
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唐代]：刘商
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秋山年长头陀处，说我军前射虎归。
赠头陀师译文及注释
译文
少壮从军马上飞，身未出家心依归。
年老头陀秋山住，犹忆当年射虎威。
注释
雪山童子：亦称雪山大士，原本是释迦牟尼在过去世修菩萨道时在雪山苦行时的称谓。该诗用以比喻头陀师未出家时。缁衣：僧人所穿之衣，紫而浅黑，非正黑。
头陀：梵语Dhata之音译，又作杜荼、杜多，意译有抖擞、抖拣、浣洗等，意为去除衣服、饮食、住处三种贪着之行法。俗则称僧人之行脚乞食者为头陀。此诗取前一意。
赠头陀师鉴赏
头陀师，为去贪爱而修苦行者。头陀十二苦行中，第七为阿兰若处，意为远离处，要求住于远离人家之处，第八为冢间坐，也即要住于坟墓之处。由于戒行的规定，加上自身的克制，头陀师总是给人远离人群、清心寡欲、清静孤寂的形象。这一位头陀却有另一种风姿：少壮从戎，军中飞马，射虎而归，足显雄姿英发；老年出家，深居秋山，却风姿不减，豪气不褪，遇有来者，便向人谈起他当年之雄豪。他的精神不仅不与头陀相悖，而是更显示了禅的精髓。佛教以为，要达到涅榘的境界，真正地得到解脱，必须有六种行法，其中之一便是精进。禅门叫勇猛精进，叫百尺竿头、更进一步。也就是说要具有一种常人不具备的勇气，释迦牟尼的雪山苦行，舍身饲虎，都是这种勇气的表现。只有具有这种精进的勇气，才能破除贪爱、排脱烦恼、悟得佛性。
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上一首：
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曹丕《
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煌煌京洛行》
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下一首：
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刘桢《
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赠从弟·其一》
刘商简介
唐代·刘商的简介
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刘商，唐代诗人、画家，字子夏，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。大历（七六六至七七九）间进士。官礼部郎中。能文善画，诗以乐府见长。刘商的诗歌作品很多，代表作有《琴曲歌辞·胡笳十八拍》，这是他罢庐州合肥县令后所作，约写于大历四五年（769——770）。《唐才子传》卷四说他“拟蔡淡《胡笳曲》，脍炙当时”。《全唐诗》收录有刘商的很多诗歌。
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