柏学士茅屋
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唐代]：杜甫
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古人己用三冬足，年少今开万卷余。
柏学士茅屋译文及注释
译文
安史之乱的战火使柏学士失去了官职，昔日常参议朝政，直言相谏的他，将茅屋搭建在险峻的碧山之中，隐居于此。
但他仍象汉代文学家东方朔一样的刻苦读书，虽然他年少，但已学业有成。
观茅屋户外，那祥云如车盖一样密密地聚集，秋水顺着道路，如大水决渠一样地湍急流去。
自古以来荣华富贵必定从勤苦中得到，有识之男应当如柏学士一样去博览群书，以求功名。
注释
柏学士，其人不详。杜甫另有七古《寄柏学士林居》。
碧山，指柏学士隐居山中。碧山应该是泛指，即青山。学士，即柏学士。唐朝时学士职位一般至少为五品，六品及以下的称为直学士。银鱼，指唐朝五品以上官员佩戴的银质鱼章。
白马，这里用来指代柏学士。身岩居，指在安史之乱中，逃到这里的山中居住。此句可以与《寄柏学士林居》的“天下学士亦奔波”参看。仇兆鳌注：银鱼见焚，白马却走，遭禄山之乱也。
“足”字放到最后，是为了对仗的需要。此句顺说就是，古人已用足三冬。农历将冬天分为十月、十一月、十二月共三个月，故称“三冬”。古时人们认为冬季是用来读书的时间。用足三冬，即是用足全部时间来读书。
年少，指住在这里的柏学士子侄，一说指柏学士本人。开，开卷，指读书。
这句化用了北周王褒《轻举篇》的句子“俯观云似盖”。团，意为圆，在此形容“倾盖”。
这两句描写了柏学士茅屋的外景。仇注：云如倾盖之团，言其浓。水似决渠之溜，言其急也。
五车书，出自《庄子·天下》：“惠施多方，其书五车”。后喻指读书多，学问深，例如唐王维《戏赠张五弟湮三首·之二》：“张弟五车书，读书仍隐居”。
参考资料：
1、丁宁：《杜甫七律全注》.第191-192页
柏学士茅屋鉴赏
此诗当作于公元767年（唐代宗大历二年），当时杜甫56岁，居夔州（今重庆市奉节县）。
黄鹤注：依旧次，编在大歴二年。盖寄诗在先而题屋在后也。顾宸注：公过学士茅屋，羡其立品之高，读书之勤，故题其茅屋如此。按诗言读书以取富贵，于学士尚不相似。黄氏谓朂其子侄者得之。
仇兆鳌《杜诗详注》：学士茅居旧有藏书，上四句叙事，五六句写屋前秋景，七八句勉其子侄。下截承上。杜诗近体有两段分截之格，有两层遥顶之格。此章若移晴云、秋水二句，上接首聨；移古人、年少二句，下接末聨，分明是两截体。今用遥顶，亦变化法耳。又中间四句，平仄仄平俱不合律，葢亦古诗体也。
黄生曰：旧疑此诗不似对学士语。今考《寄柏学士诗》及《题柏大兄弟山居屋壁诗》始知其说，一则云自胡之反，持干戈，天下学士，亦奔波，叹彼幽居，载典籍，萧然暴露依山阿。一则云叔父朱门贵，郎君玉树高。山居精典籍，文雅涉风骚。是学士乃柏大之叔父。柏大之山居，即学士之茅屋，学士奔波之所载，即柏大山居之所精。二诗语意互见。此诗则合而言之，勉其子弟。而本其父兄以为劝言勤苦以取富贵尔。叔父业有前效，则年少积学之功，安可少哉。
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贾岛《
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剑客》
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杜牧《
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读韩杜集》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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：
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