甘棠
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两汉]：佚名
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蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿伐，召伯所茇。
蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿败，召伯所憩。
蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿拜，召伯所说。
甘棠译文及注释
译文
郁郁葱葱棠梨树，不剪不砍细养护，曾是召伯居住处。
郁郁葱葱棠梨树，不剪不毁细养护，曾是召伯休息处。
郁郁葱葱棠梨树，不剪不折细养护，曾是召伯停歇处。
注释
蔽芾（fèi费）：小貌。一说树木高大茂密的样子。甘棠：棠梨，杜梨，落叶乔木，果实圆而小，味涩可食。芾：盛貌；蔽：谓可蔽风日也。
翦：同“剪”，伐，砍伐。
召（shào邵）伯：即召公，姬姓，封于燕。茇（bá拔）：草舍，此处用为动词，居住。
败：伐，毁坏。
憩：休息。
拜：拔也，一说屈、折。
说（shuì税）：通“税”，休憩，止息。
参考资料：
1、方玉润．《诗经原始》：清同治十年刻本，清同治十年：23
甘棠鉴赏
《甘棠》一诗的主旨，自古至今，惟蓝菊荪《诗经国风今译》认为是讽刺召伯之作，其他几乎众口一辞，均认为是怀念召伯的诗作。如《毛诗序》云：“《甘棠》，美召伯也。召伯之教，明于南国。”郑笺云：“召伯听男女之讼，不重烦百姓，止舍小棠之下而听断焉，国人被其德，说其化，思其人，敬其树。”朱熹《诗集传》云：“召伯循行南国，以布文王之政，或舍甘棠之下。其后人思其德，故爱其树而不忍伤也。”
这首诗的写作背景在《史记·燕召公世家》中记载得比较明确：“召公之治西方，甚得兆民和。召公巡行乡邑，有棠树，决狱政事其下，自侯伯至庶人，各得其所，无失职者。召公卒，而民人思召公之政，怀棠树，不敢伐，歌咏之，作《甘棠》之诗。”许多民间传说和地方志中的资料也都足以证明召公听讼甘棠树下的故事流播广远。召伯南巡，所到之处不占用民房，只在甘棠树下停车驻马、昕讼决狱、搭棚过夜，这种体恤百姓疾苦，不搅扰民间，而为民众排忧释纷的人，永远活在人民心中。
全诗三章，每章三句，全诗由睹物到思人，由思人到爱物，人、物交融为一。对甘棠树的一枝一叶，从不要砍伐、不要毁坏到不要折枝，可谓爱之有加，这种爱源于对召公德政教化的衷心感激。而先告诫人们不要损伤树木，再说明其中原因，笔意有波折亦见诗人措辞之妙。方玉润《诗经原始》说：“他诗练字一层深一层，此诗一层轻一层，然以轻愈见其珍重耳。”顾广誉《学诗详说》说：“丕言爱其人，而言爱其所茇之树，则其感戴者益深；不言当时之爱，而言事后之爱，则怀其思者尤远。”陈震《读诗识小录》说：“突将爱慕意说在甘棠上，末将召伯一点，是运实于虚法。缠绵笃挚，隐跃言外。”对此诗的技巧、语言都有精辟的论述，读者可以善加体味。全诗纯用赋体铺陈排衍，物象简明，而寓意深远，真挚恳切，所以吴闿生《诗义会通》引旧评许为“千古去思之祖”。
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佚名《
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甫田》
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佚名《
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我行其野》
佚名简介
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