小雅·彤弓
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两汉]：佚名
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彤弓弨兮，受言藏之。我有嘉宾，中心贶之。钟鼓既设，一朝飨之。
彤弓弨兮，受言载之。我有嘉宾，中心喜之。钟鼓既设，一朝右之。
彤弓弨兮，受言櫜之。我有嘉宾，中心好之。钟鼓既设，一朝酬之。
小雅·彤弓译文及注释
译文
红漆雕弓弦松弛，功臣接过珍重藏。我有这些尊贵客，心中实在很欢畅。钟鼓乐器陈列好，一早设宴摆酒飨。
红漆雕弓弦松弛，功臣接过家中藏。我有这些尊贵客，内心深处实欢畅。钟鼓乐器陈列好，一早设宴劝酒忙。
红漆雕弓弦松弛，功臣接过收櫜囊。我有这些尊贵客，内心深处喜洋洋。钟鼓乐器陈列好，一早设宴敬酒忙。
注释
彤弓：漆成红色的弓，天子用来赏赐有功诸侯。
弨（chāo）：弓弦松弛貌。
言：句中助词。藏：珍藏。
嘉宾：有功诸侯。
中心：内心。贶（kuàng）：《郑笺》：“贶者，欲加恩惠也。”马瑞辰《毛诗传笺通释》：”中心贶之’正谓中心善之。“
一朝：整个上午。飨（xiǎng）：用酒食款待宾客。
载：装在车上。
右：通”侑“，劝（酒）。朱熹：“右，劝也，尊也。”
櫜（gāo）：装弓的袋，此处指装入弓袋。
酬：互相敬酒。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：367-369
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：352-354
小雅·彤弓创作背景
据古代的铜器铭文（如《宣侯矢簋》）及《左传》等书的记载，周天子用弓矢等物赏赐有功的诸侯，是西周到春秋时代的一种礼仪制度。《左传·文公四年》：“卫宁武子来聘，公与之宴，为赋《湛露》及《彤弓》。《毛诗序》说：“《彤弓》，天子赐有功诸侯也。”
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：367-369
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：352-354
小雅·彤弓鉴赏
此诗一开头没有从热烈而欢乐的宴会场面人手，而是直接切入有功诸侯接受赏赐的隆重仪式，将读者的注意力一下就集中在诗人所要突出描写的环节上。“彤弓弨兮，受言藏之。”短短两句既写出所赐彤弓的形状和受赏者对弓矢的珍惜，又间接表达了受赏者的无限感激之情。这样开头看起来有些突兀，然而正显示了诗人突出重点的匠心。“我有嘉宾，中心贶之”的“我”代指周天子。按照叙述逻辑，这两句本应居于开头两句之前，诗人安排在开头两句之后，补充说明事情的原委，不仅没有产生句子错位的混乱感觉，而且使全诗显得曲折有致。周天子把自己的臣下称为“嘉宾”，对有功诸侯的宠爱之情溢于言表。“中心”二字含有真心诚意的意思，赏赐诸侯出于真心，可见天子的情真意切。“钟鼓既设，一朝飨之”，从字面就可以看出宴会场面充满了热烈欢乐的气氛，表面看是周天子为有功诸侯庆功，实际上是歌颂周天子的文治武功。
第二、三章与第一章意思基本相同，只是在个别字词上作了一下调整，反复吟唱，个别字句的调整一方面避免了简单的重复，给读者造成一种一唱三叹的感觉，不断加强对读者情绪的感染，另一方面也强调了细节的变化。如周天子对有功诸侯开始是“中心贶之”，继而“中心喜之”，最后发展到“中心好之”，主人的心理变化仅仅用个别不同的字的调整就衬托了出来。再如宴会场面从“一朝飨之”到“一朝右之”再到“一朝酬之”，个别字词的变化既说明了文武百官循守礼法的秩序，又可以看出热烈的气氛不断升级。全诗三章不涉比兴，纯用赋法，语言简练而准确。虽是歌功颂德，却不显得呆板，叙述跌宕起伏，使全诗透露了一丝灵气。
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佚名《
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小雅·湛露》
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佚名《
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小雅·鹿鸣》
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