小雅·湛露
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两汉]：佚名
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湛湛露斯，匪阳不晞。厌厌夜饮，不醉无归。
湛湛露斯，在彼丰草。厌厌夜饮，在宗载考。
湛湛露斯，在彼杞棘。显允君子，莫不令德。
其桐其椅，其实离离。岂弟君子，莫不令仪。
小雅·湛露译文及注释
译文
早晨露珠重又浓，太阳不出不蒸发。如此盛大的晚宴，不喝一醉不回家。
早晨露珠重又浓，挂在丰茂草丛中。如此盛大的晚宴，设在宗庙真隆重。
早晨露珠重又浓，洒在枸杞酸枣丛。光明磊落的君子，个个都有好名声。
高大椅树和梧桐，结的果实一重重。和乐宽厚的君子，处处表现好仪容。
注释
湛湛：露水浓重的样子。斯：语气词。
匪：通“非”。晞（xī）：干。
厌（yān）厌：一作“懕（yān）懕”，和悦的样子。夜饮：即晚宴。
宗：宗庙。载（zài）：则，一说充满。考：成，一说“考”通“孝”，另一说“考”指宫庙落成典礼中的“考祭”。
杞（qǐ）棘（jí）：枸杞和酸枣，皆灌木，又皆身有剌而果实甘酸可食。
显允：光明磊落而诚信忠厚。显，光明；允，诚信。
令德：美德。令，善美。
桐：桐有多种，古多指梧桐。椅：山桐子木，梓树中有美丽花纹者。
离离：果实多而下垂貌。犹“累累”。
岂（kǎi）弟（tì）：同“恺悌”，和乐平易的样子。
令仪：美好的容止、威仪。仪，仪容，风范。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：365-367
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：350-352
小雅·湛露创作背景
《小雅·湛露》这首诗是天子宴请诸侯时才演奏的乐曲。至于所宴饮之诸侯为同姓还是兼有异姓，前人尚有争议。从《小雅·六月》的《小序》有“《湛露》废则万国离矣”来看，似应兼同异姓而言，可见诗本同姓贵族的宴饮诗，约春秋时已用为天子宴飨诸侯的乐章。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：365-367
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：350-352
小雅·湛露鉴赏
此诗四章，每章四句，各章前两句均为起兴，且兴词紧扣下文事象：宴饮是在夜间举行的，而大宴必至夜深，夜深则户外露浓；宗庙外的环境，最外是萋萋的芳草，建筑物四围则遍植杞、棘等灌木，而近户则是扶疏的桐、梓一类乔木，树木上且挂满果实——此时一切都笼罩在夜露之中。
“白露”“寒露”为农历八、九月之节气，而从夜露甚浓又可知天气晴朗，或明月当空或繁星满天，户厅之外，弥漫着祥和的静谧之气；户厅之内，则杯觥交错，宾主尽欢，“君曰：‘无不醉’，宾及卿大夫皆兴，对曰：‘诺，敢不醉！’”（《仪礼·燕礼》）内外动静映衬，是一幅绝妙的“清秋夜宴图”。
若就其深层意蕴而言，宗庙周围的丰草、杞棘和桐椅，也许依次暗示血缘的由疏及亲；然而更可能是隐喻宴饮者的品德风范：既然“载考”呼应“丰草”，“载”义为充盈，而“丰”指繁茂，那么“杞棘”之有刺而能结实不可能与君子的既坦荡光明（显）又诚悫忠信（允）无涉，更不用说桐椅之实的“离离”——既累累繁盛又历历分明——与君子们一个个醉不失态风度依然优美如仪（与《小雅·宾之初筵》的狂醉可对看）的关系了。只是至此还没有说到最重要的意象“湛湛”之“露”究属何意。
前人大多理解湛露既然临于草树，则无疑象征着王之恩泽。若就二、三章而言，这也不差，只是以之揣摩首章，却不像了。露之湛湛其义蕴犹情之殷殷，热情得酒之催发则情意更烈，正好比湛露得朝阳则交汇蒸腾。
此诗章法结构之美既如陈奂所言“首章不言露之所在，二章三章不言阳，末章并不言露，皆互见其义”，又如朱熹引曾氏曰：“前两章言厌厌夜饮，后两章言令德令仪”。后者需补充的是：在这两者之间，第三章兼有过渡性质（一、二承上，三、四启下）。雅诗的章法结构比风诗更为讲究，于此亦见一斑。
音韵的谐美也是此诗一大特点：除了隔句式押韵外，前两章以一、三句句头的“湛湛”与“厌厌”呼应，去和二、四句句尾的脚韵共构成回环之美；至后两章则改为顶真式谐音，表现为“杞棘”的准双声与“显允”的准叠韵勾连，而“离离”的双叠也与“岂弟”的叠韵勾连（作为过渡，三章“湛湛”与“显允”的尾音也和谐呼应）。
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佚名《
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采苓》
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佚名《
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小雅·彤弓》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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宋代：
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唐代：
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