干旄
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两汉]：佚名
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孑孑干旄，在浚之郊。素丝纰之，良马四之。彼姝者子，何以畀之？
孑孑干旟，在浚之都。素丝组之，良马五之。彼姝者子，何以予之？
孑孑干旌，在浚之城。素丝祝之，良马六之。彼姝者子，何以告之？
干旄译文及注释
译文
牛尾之旗高高飘，人马来到浚邑郊。素丝束束理分明，良马四匹礼不轻。那位忠顺的贤士，你用什么来回敬？
鹰纹大旗高高飘，人马来到浚近郊。束帛层层堆得好，良马五匹选得妙。那位忠顺的贤士，你用什么来回报？
鸟羽旗帜高高飘，人马来到浚城郊。束帛捆捆堆得好，良马六匹真不少。那位忠顺的贤士，有何良策来回报？
注释
鄘（yōng）：中国周代诸侯国名，在今河南省汲县北。
干旄（máo）：以牦牛尾饰旗杆，树于车后，以状威仪。干，通“竿”“杆”。旄，同“牦”，牦牛尾。
孑（jié）孑：旗帜高举的样子。
浚（xùn）：卫国城邑，故址在今河南浚县。
素丝：白丝，一说束帛。纰（pí）：连缀，束丝之法。在衣冠或旗帜上镶边。
良马四之：这里指四匹马为聘礼。下文“五之”“六之”用法相同。
彼：那。姝（shū）：美好。一说顺从貌。子：贤者。
畀（bì）：给，予。
旟（yú）：画有鹰雕纹饰的旗帜。
都：古时地方的区域名。《毛传》：“下邑曰都。”下邑，近城。
组：编织，束丝之法。
予：给予。
旌（jīng）：旗的一种。挂牦牛尾于竿头，下有五彩鸟羽。
祝：“属”的假借字，编连缝合。一说厚积之状。
告（gǔ）：作名词用，忠言也。一说同“予”。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：102-104
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：105-106
干旄创作背景
《鄘风·干旄》一诗，古今解其主旨之说甚多，各家之说，可谓洋洋大观，但其中影响较大的，主要有三种。一是以《毛诗序》为代表的“美卫文公臣子好善说”；二是以《诗集传》为代表的“卫大夫访贤说”，三是现代一些学者所持的“男恋女情诗说。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：102-104
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：105-106
干旄鉴赏
此诗写一位尊贵的男子驾车驱驰在浚邑郊外的大道上，车马隆隆，旗帜飘扬。接下来是对旗帜和车马的特写：旄是“素丝纰之”，用素丝织的流苏镶在旗帜的边上，可见其色彩鲜明及飘扬姿态；马是“良马四之”，四匹高头大马驾车而行，十分气派，意气风发。
第二、三章意思相近，但比第一章旗帜越来越漂亮，距离浚邑越来越近，车马排场越来越盛。而离目的地越近，其情越怯。
此诗全用赋体，采用重章叠句的结构，但完全重复的句子仅“彼姝者子”一句，这似乎也突出了那位“姝者”在全诗中的重要性。方玉润《诗经原始》认为：“‘西方美人’，亦称圣王，则称贤以姝，亦无所疑。”持“美好善说”的毛诗说以为“姝者”是卫国好美善的大夫，持“访贤说”的朱熹则以为“姝者”是卫国的贤人，但他们都认为“之”指代的是卫大夫。毛诗说以“之”为“贤者乐告以善道”（《毛诗序》）的对象，朱熹以“之”为“答其礼意之勤”（《诗集传》）的对象。“之”指代的应是上文的“彼姝者子”，若取“访贤说”，那“之”必然是指被访的贤人。“何以畀（予，告）之”，正是访贤大夫心中所想的问题：将赠送他们什么东西以示礼敬？将告诉他们哪些事需要请教？
关于诗中是“四之”“五之”“六之”，《毛传》解为“御四马也”“骖马五辔”“四马六辔”，认为“良马四之”“良马五之”“良马六之”是说大夫驾车建旌旄而行。对此清马瑞辰《毛诗传笺通释》说：“服马四辔皆在手，两骖马内辔纳于觖，故四马皆言六辔，经未有言五辔者。”又引孔广森语曰：“四之、五之、六之，不当以辔为解，乃谓聘贤者用马为礼。三章转益，见其多庶。《觐礼》曰：‘匹马卓上，九马随之。’《春秋左传》曰：‘王赐虢公、晋侯马三匹。’‘楚公子弃疾见郑子皮以马六匹。’是以马者不必成双，故或五或六矣。”
从诗艺上说，“在浚之郊”“在浚之都”“在浚之城”，由远而近，“良马四之”“良马五之”“良马六之”由少而多，章法是很严谨的，而“何以畀之”“何以予之”“何以告之”用疑问句代陈述句，摇曳生姿。如果按“访贤说”，那么此诗反映访贤大夫求贤若渴的心理可谓妙笔生花。
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佚名《
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著》
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佚名《
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诗经·国风·郑风》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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慧居寺
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清代：
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姚鼐
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猎猎霜风拂袂斜，偶携僧裓入㟏岈。山蟠句曲横青霭，树自深岩上碧霞。
霄汉奎章藏鹫岭，人天法会忆龙华。白云苍狗尘寰感，也到空林释子家。
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同诸客嘲雪中马上妓
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唐代：
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白居易
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珊瑚鞭亸马踟蹰，引手低蛾索一盂。腰为逆风成弱柳，
面因冲冷作凝酥。银篦稳篸乌罗帽，花襜宜乘叱拨驹。
雪里君看何所似，王昭君妹写真图。
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送何乔仲赴阙四首 其一
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明代：
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黎民表
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招摇有桂树，结根南海湄。蒙茏度霜霰，皎洁常不移。
以兹孤直性，贡之白玉墀。春风被兰茝，荣耀同一时。
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与朝阳山人张朝夜集湖亭，赋得各言其志
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唐代：
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皎然
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洞庭孤月在，秋色望无边。零露积衰草，寒螀鸣古田。
茫茫区中想，寂寂尘外缘。从此悟浮世，胡为伤暮年。
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望云思亲图
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唐代：
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王翰
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白云天际闲舒卷，却似摇摇行子心。云气有时还变灭，子心无日不登临。
高林度过含疏雨，远岫飞回落晚阴。不羡梁公为令子，但存忠孝古犹今。
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西楼怨为孔宗鲁悼亡作
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：
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樊阜
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莺啼燕语春漫漫，落花飞絮吹作团。
雨歇西楼晚晴薄，弦丝调短催长叹。