霁夜
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宋代]：孔平仲
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寂历帘栊深夜明，睡回清梦戍墙铃。
狂风送雨已何处？淡月笼云犹未醒。
早有秋声随堕叶，独将凉意伴流萤。
明朝准拟南轩望，洗出庐山万丈青。
霁夜译文及注释
译文
从睡梦中醒来，微启惺松的双眼，只见窗栊在朦胧的月色下，富有韵律，耳边隐隐也听到城墙角楼上传来的风铃叮当声。
忽然想起睡前曾有急风骤雨，虽然眼前这淡月笼云的景象还是一样，但那急风骤雨现在已不知飘向何处了。
只留下早就开始零落的秋叶，发出在亲吻大地时的秋的琴韵，眼前也似乎浮现出草坡上的萤火虫在凉意渐浓的夜空中划出流动的光的迹。
明天早上准备从南边窗户远望，那庐山巍峨的雄姿，一定被夜雨洗涤得一片青翠，更具一番秋日清爽的诱人魅力。
注释
霁夜：雨过天晴之夜。
寂历：寂静疏落的样子。帘栊:窗帘和窗牖。
戍墙铃：城墙上守城兵士播响的铃铛。
轩：窗户。
参考资料：
1、萧东海编著. 宋代吉安名家诗词文选[M]. 南昌：江西高校出版社, 2001.12.第100页
2、本社编. 宋辽金诗鉴赏[M]. 上海：上海古籍出版社, 1998.12.第135-136页
霁夜创作背景
此诗作于元佑三年(1088年)。据钱钟书先生考证，孔氏在江州德化县(今江西九江市)有房宅，平仲之父即葬于此。当时，孔平仲之兄文仲去世归葬，朝廷诏令孔平仲为江东转运判官护理葬奉，此诗当即归葬文仲时在九江故宅作。
参考资料：
1、卢保侠.《霁夜》赏析[J].职业技术,2007,(第10期)
霁夜鉴赏
此诗写秋夜雨霁的清静景色，表现出爽快的精神境界。一般都因宋玉有“悲哉秋之为气也”之句，而发悲秋之感；但也有反其意而用之的，如李白诗中称“秋兴逸”，刘禹锡说“胜春朝”。此诗表现清爽的心境，也是一种逸兴。
诗篇将以上那种意境和感受，以细腻清新的笔触生动地表现了出来，令人读罢，仿佛也经历了一场荡涤心肺的秋雨洗礼，置身于诗人所营造的那个清风明月之夜，令人宁静淡泊，神思遐举。而尾联诗人忽以豪迈之笔，又将读者推至到一个清旷爽朗的境界，令人不禁逸兴遄飞，精神焕发。诗篇的意境和内含由此升华到另一个高度，显得更加丰富、厚实。历代诗人咏秋之作十分繁多，然多抒发“悲九秋之为节，物凋悴而无荣”（晋湛方生《秋夜赋》）的伤怀之情，写秋夜更有“秋可哀兮，哀良夜之遥长。月翳翳以隐云星胧胧而没光”（晋夏侯湛《秋可哀赋》）之名篇，直以“可哀为题。反其意而用之者，孔平仲虽不是首家，但这首咏秋夜雨后之作，确有其独创之处。
“霁夜”，这里是指雨霁之夜。在作诗手法上，诗人更是别出心裁，为了更好地创造意境，不仅将时间延展了，而且将顺序交叉着。诗篇以“秋兴”为主题，但不作空泛议论，而是捕捉具体景物，以表现诗人的感受。诗中画面相对独立，而时空转换又为复杂。诗人将过去现在、室内室外的诸种景物融合一体，读者体会这种跳越而感受得更真切丰富，诗篇本身也随之扩大了容量，避免了板滞平直。
最先触发作者诗情的，是闯入梦境的墙上响铃。然而诗的开头却先写从帘栊透入室内的明亮夜色。即先写醒后所见，次句再写梦醒。看夜色在前，而梦觉在后，这是一种倒叙；颔联出句又先写雨霁前风雨交加的情景，然后再写眼前“淡月笼云”的景色，又是一种回叙；颈联仍先写雨前秋风扫落叶，再写雨霁萤火横飞，仍然是回叙；末联由夜推想到朝，悬想经过雨洗之后的庐山，必然是苍翠欲滴。诗境不限于雨霁，而是回叙霁前的风雨和推想第二日的山色。这种时间的交叉和延展，不仅避免了平直，而且扩大了容量。
清爽的秋兴是通过秋夜景物的描写来表现的。诗的核心是一个“清”字，“清兴”融化在“清景”之中。这清景，就是秋月、秋声、秋叶和秋萤。古人说，“秋风清，秋月明”，清风明月是秋夜的富于特征性的景色；秋叶飘落伴随着秋声，再加上闪闪发亮的点点流萤，更为秋夜增添了清凉之意。描写这种清秋之景，诗人采用了对比映衬的手法，比起一般的景物点染，其艺术效果要强得多。明暗线素贯穿全篇。诗人的景物安排由幽暗转向明朗，成功地捕捉住读者的注意力，明暗的起伏变化成为诗篇的诗脉。诉诸视觉的朦胧月色，在夜深人静的时候，尤其显得“寂历”，接着以诉诸听觉的“戍墙铃”的清冷之声与之映衬，即所谓静中有动，动中有静，这便更显得清寂。在提起“狂风送雨已何处”时，暗示读者，雨霁之前有一阵狂风暴雨。这狂风暴雨和诗人眼前清寂的霁夜，恰又构成鲜明的对比。这便加强了雨过天晴的切身感受。秋声是听出来的，堕叶也是听出来的，在夜里，落叶不是肉眼观察到的。这里用秋声堕叶的听觉动态和月夜飞萤的视觉动态交相辉映，对于引动清秋逸兴，也很有艺术效果。总之，用对比映衬手法描写秋夜景色，从而很好地表现出清秋逸兴，这种前后强烈的明暗反差，使诗篇跌宕生姿，彼此映衬而又相互和谐，烘托出诗人感念于秋之清旷爽朗的主题，大大增强了艺术感染力。
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王沂孙《
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扫花游·秋声》
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李贺《
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崇义里滞雨》
孔平仲简介
唐代·孔平仲的简介
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孔平仲 北宋诗人。字义甫，一作毅父。新喻（今江西新余县）人。生卒年不详。治平二年(1065)举进士，曾任秘书丞、集贤校理，又提点江浙铸钱、京西刑狱。
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