塞鸿秋·浔阳即景
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元代]：周德清
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长江万里白如练，淮山数点青如淀。
晚云都变露，新月初学扇。
塞鸿一字来如线。
塞鸿秋·浔阳即景译文及注释
译文
万里奔流的长江，像一匹白色的素绢；对岸几处小点，像是染上了青色的颜料，那是淮地的远山。几片白帆，箭一般地驶过了江面；而近处的高山上，长长的泉流飞下，犹如一道流电。天色渐渐昏黄，暮色中的云层难以分辨，仿佛化作了这满地的露点。一钩新月模仿着扇形，在天上高悬。逼近了，逼近了，成“一”字的横线在空中排开，那是北方飞来的大雁。
注释
浔阳：今江西九江市。
即景：写眼前景物。
练：白绢。
淮山：泛指长江以北淮河流域的山。
淀：同“靛”，即靛青，一种青兰色染料。
江帆：江面上的船。
“新月”句：新月开始像团扇那样圆了起来。
塞鸿：边地的鸿雁。
新月初学扇：言新出的月亮，圆得象团扇似的。班婕妤《怨歌行》：“裁成合欢扇，团团似明月。”
塞鸿秋·浔阳即景创作背景
浔阳江，即长江流经江西九江的那段。此曲是作者傍晚登浔阳城楼的即兴写景之作，具体作年不详。
参考资料：
1、蒋星煜 等 ．元曲鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1990 ：1007-1008 ．
塞鸿秋·浔阳即景鉴赏
作品描绘浔阳一带景色，一连铺排了长江、淮山、帆、泉、云、月、大雁七种景物，每一种都加意出色，有着鲜明、充实的形象。画面有面有点有线有片，有青有白，有静物有动态，远近高下，相得益彰，诚可谓尺幅千里。
“长江万里白如练，淮山数点青如淀”，举头远望，目所能及之处，有秋江万里，澄澈耀眼，静如白练，绵延屈曲，伸向远方；有秋山“数点”，葱郁苍翠，青如蓝靛，给人一种秋天特有的苍茫、寂静、高远的感受。作品从大处、远处起笔，为全篇设置了一个宏阔、高远的背景基调。开头两句句属于远眺。它们分别脱化于南朝谢朓“澄江净如练”（《晚登三山还望京邑》）及金诗人杨奂“淮山青数点，不肯过江来”（《题江州庾楼》）的诗句，意象雄远。大江万里浩荡，江面开阔，同遥远的淮山呈现出的“数点”形成了空间形象上的悬殊对比，而“白如练”之旁点染几点“青如靛”，则在色彩上又形成了对映。这两句以工对的形式出现，就更容易使人注意到它们的互补。
“江帆几片疾如箭，山泉千尺飞如电”，俯瞰脚下，江上点点白帆，轻疾如离弦之箭；仰望高崖瀑布，飞流直下快如闪电。作者从江与山的众多景物中各截取其一点，从近处、细处着眼于江上疾驶如飞的“江帆”，悬崖陡壁间飞泻千尺的“山泉”。虽然写的只是一个个的个体的景物，却又极富群像性，给人以动态的感官体验。三、四两句移近了视界。“江帆”实因大江的流急而益现轻灵，“山泉”也得力于山崖的陡峭，这都是句面以外的意境。这两句又以工整的对偶叙出，带着分明的动感，说明这已是一组近景。
“晚云都变露，新月初学扇”，在这两句里，词人转换了视觉角度，由前边写地上的景物转换为写天上的景物，抓住事物特有的物征描绘了“晚云”与“新月”的情态变化和背景的明暗变化。五、六两句是仰观的背景，更是表现时间的流动。从“变露”与“学扇”这两个词语里，读者不仅能体会到景物变化的动态美，意态形象的朦胧美，还能清晰地感受到时间的流动感。晚云变露，是说夜晚天空的云层渐渐模糊难以认辨，而空气却越来越凉冷湿润，地面上也凝结了露珠；而新月学扇，则是月牙儿冉冉升上的景象，且有它尽力欲呈露半面的趋向的意味。这都是深秋典型的景观。
“塞鸿一字来如线”，写从塞外归来的大雁，排成长长的一字形掠过烟波浩渺的江天，仿佛就像一条细长晶莹的银色丝线。这一句不仅点明了季节时令，也创建了一个令人展开无限遐想的空间。文势至最后本转为徐缓，殊不料末句顿时又异军突起。这“一字”塞鸿，将前时的六幅画面绾联交通，使人感受到雁阵冲寒所蕴涵的苍凉秋意，联想到岁暮、客愁、乡情等人事方面的内容，有题外传神之妙。
这是一首写景的小令，作者选择了独特的视觉角度，按照由远及近、自下而上的空间顺序，采用了比喻、对仗并用的修辞手法，借助于动态描写的艺术表现形式，为读者勾画了一幅生动传神的浔阳江动态秋景图。从作品的表现中可以看出，作者善于捕捉充满活力的艺术镜头，在他的笔下，江舟、山泉、晚云、新月、塞鸿这些景点都呈动态，并且都在万里长江和数点淮山这一整体构思中被不露痕迹地融合起来。全曲笔势排奡，形象简洁，比喻精到，不愧为散曲的写景杰作，而音韵浏亮，也符合作者在《中原音韵作词十法》中所提出的“既耸观，又耸听”的度曲要求。
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江行无题一百首·其八十二》
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白居易《
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周德清简介
唐代·周德清的简介
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周德清（1277－1365）元代文学家。字日湛，号挺斋，高安（今属江西高安市杨圩镇睱塘周家）人。北宋词人周邦彦的后代。工乐府，善音律。终身不仕。著有音韵学名著《中原音韵》，为我国古代有名的音韵学家。元代卓越的音韵学家与戏曲作家。《录鬼簿续篇》对他的散曲创作评价很高，然其编著的《中原音韵》在中国音韵学与戏曲史上却有非凡影响。「德清三词，不惟江南，实天下之独步也。」《全元散曲》录存其小令31首，套数3套。至正己（1365）卒，年八十九。
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明代：
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释函是
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潦倒一枝筇，逍遥十里松。偶逢犊鼻叟，同听石溪钟。
骤雨不出谷，晴云隐乱峰。忽然残照起，犹见金芙蓉。