城西访友人别墅
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唐代]：雍陶
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澧水桥西小路斜，日高犹未到君家。
村园门巷多相似，处处春风枳壳花。
城西访友人别墅译文及注释
译文
澧水桥西边的小路弯弯曲曲，太阳升得很高了还没有走到你家里。
村园的门巷多么相似，春风里处处都盛开着枳壳花。
注释
澧（lǐ）水：指唐代澧州城，又叫兰江、佩浦，湖南的四大河流之一，流经澧县、安乡后注入洞庭湖。
枳（zhǐ）壳花：枳树的花。
城西访友人别墅创作背景
这首诗创作于晚唐时期。诗人到城西去拜访友人，在出了澧州城城门、过了桥后，焦急的走在乡间小路。来到乡村，眼前的村野风光让诗人感到些许迷茫但又令诗人陶然心醉，于是在这幽静的村园春色下写下了这首七绝。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010年12月版：第372页
城西访友人别墅鉴赏
“澧水桥西小路斜”，扣紧诗题，展开情节。“澧水桥西”交代诗题中的“城”，是指唐代的澧州城（今湖南北部的澧县），“澧水”就从城旁流过。句中省略了主人公的动作，通过对“桥西小路”的描绘，告诉我们，诗人已经出了城，过了桥，缓步走在向西曲折延伸的乡间小路上。
“日高犹未到君家”，紧承上句，表现他访友途中的心情。“日高”两个字，写出旅人的体会，表现了诗人的奔波和焦急。诗人赶路时间之长、行程之远，连同他不辞劳顿地彳亍在乡间小路上的情景，都浓缩在“日高”二字中，足见诗人用字的精炼。接着又用了“犹未”二字，更把他会友急切的心情突出地刻画了出来。
全诗已写了一半，还没有涉及友人的住所，似乎有点让人着急。接下去最后两句：“村园门巷多相似，处处春风枳壳花”，依然没有提到“君家”，而是一味地表现进入友人居住的村庄后，一边寻访，一边张望的所见、所感。这就不能不引起人们的疑惑：访城西友人别墅，是不是拟错了题。
原来诗人注意的是一座座带有围篱庭院的村舍，连同它们座落其中的一条条村巷，想从中寻到友人的别墅，可是，它们形状如此相似，竟然象一个模子刻出来似的！“多相似”，并不是纯客观的描述，而是包含了观察、判断，甚至还充满了新奇和惊讶。这意味着作者是初次接触这种类型的农村，并且是初次拜访这位深居农村的友人。他并不熟悉这里的环境，也不知道“友人别墅”的确切位置。从“多相似”的感叹声中，还可以想象出作者穿村走巷、东张西望的模样，和找不到友人别墅时焦急与迷惘的神情。
虽然由于寻友心切，首先注意的是“门巷”，可是张望之中，一个新的发现又吸引了他的视线：真美啊！家家户户的篱边屋畔，到处都种植着城里罕见的枳树，洁白而清香的枳树花正在春风的吹拂下，盛开怒放！
不知是春风催发了枳花的生机，还是枳花增浓了春意。久居城市的作者，在访友过程中，意外地欣赏到这种自然脱俗的村野风光，自然会被它所吸引。
三、四两句写得曲折而有层次，反映了作者心情的微妙转换：由新奇、迷惘变成惊叹、赞美。一种从未领略过的郊园春景展现在他眼前，使他忘掉了一切—他陶然心醉了，完全沉浸在美好的遐想之中。
诗中没有直接涉及友人和他的别墅，而是从那门巷相似而又枳花满村的环境中，从那朴素、划一、洋溢着闲野情趣的画面中，可以看出友人及其别墅的投影。而且，在这投影之中，它包含了作者对别墅主人恬然自适的高雅情怀的赞赏。
这首诗表现形式上的特点，是巧妙地运用以境写人的烘托手法。诗人没有象其他访友篇什那样，把主要笔墨花在描写抵达友人居处后的见闻上，也没有渲染好友相逢时的情景。在这首诗里，被访的友人压根儿没有露面，他的别墅是什么样子也没有直接描写，诗人写到踏进友人村庄寻访就戛然而止，然而，就从这个自然而优美的村野风光中，也能想象到这位友人的风采。这种写法清新别致，更耐人寻味。
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王勃《
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对酒春园作》
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白居易《
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杭州春望》
雍陶简介
唐代·雍陶的简介
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雍陶（约789~873以前），字国钧，成都人。工于词赋。有《唐志集》五卷，今传。
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