小至
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唐代]：杜甫
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刺绣五纹添弱线，吹葭六琯动浮灰。
小至译文及注释
译文
天时人事，每天变化得很快，转眼又到冬至了，过了冬至白日渐长，天气日渐回暖，春天即将回来了。
刺绣女工因白昼变长而可多绣几根五彩丝线，吹管的六律已飞动了葭灰。
堤岸好像等待腊月快点的过去，好让柳树舒展枝条，抽出新芽，山也要冲破寒气，好让梅花开放。
我虽然身处异乡，但这里的景物与故乡的没有什么不同之处，因此，让小儿斟上酒来，一饮而尽。
注释
小至：指冬至前一日，一说指冬至日的第二天
五纹：指五色彩线。《唐杂录》载，冬至后日渐长，宫中女工比常日增一线之功。添弱线：古代女工刺绣，因冬至后，白天渐长，就可以多绣几根丝线。
葭：初生的芦苇。琯：古代乐器，用玉制成，六孔，像笛。动浮灰：古时为了预测时令变化，将芦苇茎中的薄膜制成灰，放在律管内，每到节气到来，律管内的灰就相应飞出。浮灰：一作“飞灰”。
腊：腊月。
云物：景物。乡国：家乡。
覆：倾，倒。
小至创作背景
这首诗是唐代宗大历元年（公元766年）杜甫在夔州写的。那时杜甫生活比较安定，心情也比较舒畅。
小至鉴赏
由于冬至特定的节气和自然环境，诗人墨客们都会感叹时光与人生，感叹岁末与寒冬，讴歌冬至节。诗圣杜甫《小至》诗中的“小至”，是指冬至日的第二天（一说前一天）。
《小至》写冬至前后的时令变化，不仅用刺绣添线写出了白昼增长，还用河边柳树即将泛绿，山上梅花冲寒欲放，生动地写出了冬天里孕育着春天的景象。诗的末二句写他由眼前景物唤起了对故乡的回忆。虽然身处异乡，但云物不殊，所以诗人教儿斟酒，举杯痛饮。这举动和诗中写冬天里孕育着春天气氛的基调是一致的，都反映出诗人难得的舒适心情。
全诗紧紧围绕“小至”的时令，叙事、写景、抒感，充满着浓厚的生活情趣，切而不泛。开篇二句：“天时人事日相催，冬至阳生春又来”，是说冬至后白昼渐长，阳气渐舒，冬至既到，春天也就不远了。作者以咏叹笔调点明“阳生春来”与冬至的诗题紧扣，作为总起。中间两联：“刺绣五纹添弱线，吹葭六管动飞灰。岸容待腊将舒柳，山意冲寒欲放梅”，是分承：颔联，直承首联“冬至”的自然节令特征；颈联，直承冬去春来的景物特征；最后是尾联：“云物不殊乡国异，教儿且覆掌中杯”，它以抒情作结。在这无可奈何的情景下，就让儿子取酒来尽饮吧！“事”、“景”、“感”三者烘托，从中可自然地悟出诗人写的只能是“小至”时令，而断非其他什么节候，这正是诗人感受敏锐，立意高远，选材典型，热爱生活的不俗体现，正是：“莫思身外无穷事，且尽生前有限杯”了。
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朱放《
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题竹林寺》
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鲍防《
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元日早朝行》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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