醉太平·堂堂大元
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两汉]：佚名
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堂堂大元，奸佞专权。开河变钞祸根源，惹红巾万千。官法滥，刑法重，黎民怨。人吃人，钞买钞，何曾见。贼做官，官做贼，混贤愚。哀哉可怜！
醉太平·堂堂大元译文及注释
译文
堂堂大元朝，贪官污吏当权。河水泛滥成灾，新钞大量印造，货币迅速贬值，民不聊生，引起了红巾军千万人起义。苛捐杂税繁杂苛刻，刑法太重，百姓怨声载道。都到了人吃人的地步，钱换钱，什么时候见过这种情形？奸人做了官，做官的又都是贪官污吏，贤明的人得不到重用。悲哀啊真是可怜！
注释
堂堂大元：此曲见元末明初人陶宗仪《辍耕录》卷二十二。原注云：“《醉太平》小令一阙，不知谁所造。自京帅至江南，人人能道之。”堂堂，气象宏大庄严。
奸佞：巧言谄媚的坏人。指元末丞相托托、参议贾鲁等人。
开河：《续资治通鉴》记载：“至正十年（1330）十二月，右丞相托克托（即托托）慨然有志于事功。时河决五年不能塞……托克托请躬任其事，帝嘉纳之。……命贾鲁以工部尚书为总治河防使，发汴梁、大名等十三路民十五万，庐州等戍十八翼军二万，自黄陵冈南达白茅，放于黄固、哈齐等国。又自黄陵至杨村，合于故道，凡二百八十里有奇。”又《草木子》云：“朝廷所降食钱，官吏多不尽支放，河夫多怨。”
变钞：据《元史》《贡祖本纪》及《食货志》等记载，元朝建国起就用楮币（即氏币）；先后发“中统元宝交钞”、“中统元宝钞”、“至元宝钞”，又于至正十年（1350）另发“至正交钞”致使物价飞涨，民怨沸腾。
惹红巾万千：引起成千上万起义的红巾军。红巾军，元末农民起义军，用红巾裹头故名。
官法滥：指官吏贪污成风和拿钱买官。《草木子》记载：“元朝末年，官贪吏污……自秦王伯颜专政，台宪官皆偕价同而得，于是有司录风。上下贿赂，公行如市。”
人吃人：《草木子》：“元京饥穷，人相食。”
钞买钞：指钱钞贬值，用旧钞倒买新钞。
醉太平·堂堂大元创作背景
元朝末年，奸佞当权，朝政极端腐败。至正十一年(1351年)下令征调农民和兵士十几万人治理黄河。黄河两岸农民本已饱受灾荒之苦，到工地上又横遭监工的鞭打，被克扣口粮，个个无比愤怒。于是，“开河”和“变钞”就成为农民大起义的导火线，导致了红巾军起义的爆发。
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上一首：
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关汉卿《
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一枝花·不伏老》
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欧阳修《
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偃虹堤记》
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