酒泉子·长忆孤山
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宋代]：潘阆
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长忆孤山，山在湖心如黛簇。僧房四面向湖开。轻棹去还来。
芰荷香喷连云阁。阁上清声檐下铎。别来尘土污人衣。空役梦魂飞。
酒泉子·长忆孤山鉴赏
潘阆作《洒泉子》十首，分咏杭州诸景。这首词是回忆杭州西湖孤山胜景。孤山处于湖心。山上有一座僧房，僧房四面的门窗面湖而开，僧人和游人可以乘坐小舟在湖上往返。山顶还有一座连云阁，阁的四面临湖，湖面上布满绿芰青荷，清香四溢；阁檐四角悬挂着铃铎，风吹铃动，清音远扬。根据孤山这里的地势环境和景物特点，作者确立了一个颇为别致的构思，即以孤山为圆心，以西湖为圆周，将有关景物都纳入一个辐射圈中，构成一幅由圆心向四周流动、扩散的图画，展示出这一带环境的清净、幽美、超尘脱俗。作者的追忆和感叹，也正着眼于孤山的幽静、佛地的圣洁，用来与扰攘纷浊的人世对照，最后，以“空役梦魂飞”一句表现他对钱塘、对西湖、对孤山、对这块乐土的深切怀念。从词人的构思出发，词中写景，无论是取景的角度，摄取景物，画面的转动、及静景和动景的配合，还是有关词语、音响、色泽、亮度的选择，都别具一格。
“长忆孤山。山在湖心如黛簇”，一开头先确定画幅的中心点——孤山。山的位置在湖心，山的形状如黛簇。黛者，古代女子画眉用的黛墨，青而带黑，此喻山色；簇者，丛聚之意。青黛集聚，是形容矗立湖心的孤山。山呈黛色，给人的感受是苍翠幽深，人迹罕到；山峰聚簇，正好使画面的圆心凝聚于一点。接下去写山上的僧房：“僧房四面向湖开”，屋舍显得清静，敞亮，而空间则向四面开拓。“轻棹去还来”，一句为上片作结。轻舟如箭，往返于湖上，使整幅画面由静变动，往复流动，山和湖由它沟通，僧人也借它和游客交往。这样，孤山和僧房便不再与人世隔绝，它既是修行的“仙境”，又是人踪可到的地方，也是作者往昔经常游息的处所。
下片转而描写连云阁。“芰荷香喷连云阁。阁上清声檐下铎”二句，一取荷香，一取铃音，这香，这音，都不断地在空中飘扬、传播，同样也造成一种四散流动的感觉。如果将它和上片末句小舟轻棹在湖上往返的流动感比较，一则显得迅疾、轻灵，一则显得优雅、淡泊。所以“芰荷香喷”二句，与其说是为了写动，不如说是为了写静，但无论是动是静，都有一种流动感。纵观全词及其呈现的画面，无论由点及面，或由面及点，亦无不有此种流动感。这就是本词艺术上的成功之处。
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柳宗元《
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酬曹侍御过象县见寄》
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潘阆《
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酒泉子·长忆西山》
潘阆简介
唐代·潘阆的简介
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潘阆（?～1009）宋初著名隐士、文人。字梦空，一说字逍遥，号逍遥子，大名（今属河北）人，一说扬州(今属江苏)人。性格疏狂，曾两次坐事亡命。真宗时释其罪，任滁州参军。有诗名，风格类孟郊、贾岛，亦工词，今仅存《酒泉子》十首。
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