金陵三迁有感
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宋代]：梁栋
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憔悴城南短李绅，多情乌帽染黄尘。
读书不了平生事，阅世空存后死身。
落日江山宜唤酒，西风天地正愁人。
任他蜂蝶黄花老，明月园林是小春。
金陵三迁有感译文及注释
译文
我就是城南那憔悴短小的李绅，多愁善感，乌纱帽上落满黄尘。
苦读诗书，却不明白平生所历世事；阅尽世态，空留下未曾殉国之身。
眼看着落日残照下的江山，还是叫一壶酒吧；不见那西风萧瑟中的天地，正要愁杀士人！
任凭它蜂蝶为黄花老去而发愁，明月下的园林里，自有一派小阳春。
注释
金陵：今江苏南京。
李绅：中唐诗人，有诗名。因身材短小精悍。时称“短李”。唐宪宗元和元年（806）登进士第，补国子助教，因非其所好，东归金陵，被润州节度使李铸辟为从事，因见李铸专横并想背叛朝廷，就不肯帮他起草文书。李铸想杀他，他伺机逃跑，才获免于难。李绅禀性刚直，一生宦途多波折。作者以他自喻，既切合金陵这一地点，也寄寓了宦海沉浮的感慨。
乌帽：即鸟纱帽，隋唐间地位显贵的人多戴此帽。后渐流行民间，成为平常的穿戴。
“任他”二句：苏东坡《南乡子·重九涵辉楼呈徐君猷》词有句云：“万事到头都是梦，休休，明日黄花蝶也愁。”这里翻用其意。小春，又称小阳春。农历十月，尚少寒意，有如初春故称。
参考资料：
1、陶文鹏主编．宋诗精华：广西师范大学出版社，1996.01：第984页
金陵三迁有感创作背景
作者“金陵三迁”的详情，今已不可考。从诗中大致可以推测，这首诗是作者因被谗在金陵屡遭贬官，自身命运多舛，国家风雨飘摇，虽然遍读诗书，满腹经纶，却无以致用；空有一腔热血，却无从抛洒，有感而作，当作于宋亡前。
参考资料：
1、陶文鹏主编．宋诗精华：广西师范大学出版社，1996.01：第984页
2、缪钺，霍松林，周振甫，吴调公，曾枣庄，葛晓音，陈伯海，赵昌平，莫砺锋，刘永翔等撰写．宋诗鉴赏辞典 新1版：上海辞书出版社，2015.07：第1550页
金陵三迁有感鉴赏
这首诗的开头两句写中唐诗人李绅，并以李绅自况。自居易《拙集编成十五卷因题卷来戏赠元九李二十》云：“每被老元偷格调，苦教短李伏歌行。”可见时人称之为“短李”。首联所写就是这件事。这两句说，城南的矮小诗人李绅，经历坎坷，形容憔悴。他多愁善感、系念世事，乌黑的帽子上落满尘土。两句诗用粗线条钩勒出李绅，也是作者自己的形象，手法洗炼。颔联即从首联引申而来，展开“憔悴”、“多情”的含蕴，笔墨也从以李绅自比转向直接叙写自身。虽刻苦攻读，手不释卷，对平生所历世事却不甚了然；饱经风霜，阅尽世态，却只能眼睁睁看着大好河山任人践踏，一腔热血无从抛洒。这联的出句和对句的前后两部份，各自形成鲜明的对比。“读书”而“不了平生事”，“阅世”而“空有后死身”，出语舒缓，感情却十分愤激。颈联推开一层，是赋也是比。落日残照，是眼前实景，也象征着南宋王驯的没落凋零，飒飒西风则象征着笼罩在南宋国土上的萧瑟寥落气氛。“落日”、“西风”，景象悲壮，令人想起相传为李白所作的《忆秦娥》中的名句：靠西风残照，汉家陵阙。”不过，粱栋诗中“落日”、“西风”带有更为强烈的时代悲剧色彩。“唤酒”、“愁人”，与首联的“憔悴舻、“多情”相应，写出了在天下多故的南宋束年一个正直士大夫忧心如焚的心理状况，感情十分沉痛。前面三联，气氛沉重压抑，结尾两句却陡然一转，格调为之一振。蜂蝶黄花老，翻用苏东坡诗意。这里是说，尽管秋色愁人，然而在明月的照临之下，园林小春的景色还是十分动人的。农历十月间，阳光和煦，景色宜人，大有春意，故称小春。尾联让人想起鲁迅先生“躲进小楼成一统，管他冬夏与春秋”的诗句。尾联也是全诗的点睛之笔，肃杀中透露出生机，痛苦中孕育着希望，它表达了作者身处逆境泰然自若的人生态度。
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聂夷中《
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田家》
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杜荀鹤《
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田翁》
梁栋简介
唐代·梁栋的简介
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（1242——1305） 字隆吉，湘州（在今湖北）人，迁镇江（今属江苏）。咸淳四年（1268）进士。迁宝应簿，调钱塘仁和尉，入师幕。宋亡，归武林，后卜居建康，时往来茅山中。《全宋词》存其词三首。
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