采薇(节选)
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两汉]：佚名
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昔我往矣，杨柳依依。
今我来思，雨雪霏霏。
行道迟迟，载渴载饥。
我心悲伤，莫知我哀！
采薇(节选)译文及注释
译文
回想当初出征时，杨柳依依随风吹；
如今回来路途中，大雪纷纷满天飞。
道路泥泞难行走，又渴又饥真劳累。
满心伤感满腔悲。我的哀痛谁体会。
注释
思：语气助词。
矣：语气助词。
依依：形容树枝柔弱，随风摇摆的样子。
霏霏：雪花飞舞的样子。
昔：从前。
采薇(节选)鉴赏
《采薇》是《诗经·小雅》中的一篇。历代注者关于它的写作年代说法不一。但据它的内容和其它历史记载的考订大约是周宣王时代的作品的可能性大些。周代北方的猃狁（即后来的匈奴）已十分强悍，经常入侵中原，给当时北方人民生活带来不少灾难。历史上有不少周天子派兵戍守边外和命将士出兵打败猃狁的记载。从《采薇》的内容看，当是将士戍役劳还时之作。诗中唱出从军将士的艰辛生活和思归的情怀。全诗分六章，前三章叠出，以采薇起兴写薇由作而柔而刚，而戍役军士远别家乡，历久不归，思乡之情，忧心不已！作者写道：山薇啊，你发芽了，出生了，我们总该回家了吧！但转眼又是一年，我们都顾不上家室，这却是为何呢？为了猃狁入侵之故，我们连好好坐上一会儿也来不及，也是为了猃狁之故。我们需要攻战！又到了采薇的时候，薇叶长大了，枝叶柔嫩，这下总该回家了吧！心里的忧伤如此炽烈，为战事奔波，我们戍期未定，谁难替我们带回家信！山薇长得粗壮刚健了，这下该回家了吧！已是阳春十月了！可是王事没完，还没法闲暇，忧伤的心情好不痛苦，却无人相慰劳！四、五两章是写边关战事繁忙、紧张：那盛开的花是什么？是棠棣之花。用花之盛起兴，喻出征军伍车马服饰之盛：那好大好大的是什么？那是将士的军车，兵车既已驾起，战马高大雄健，战事频繁，军队又要迁徙，岂敢定居？驾着四匹昂首高大的公马，军将们坐在战车上，步兵们蔽依车后，战马威武雄健，兵士手中的象骨的弓和鱼皮箭袋时时佩在身边，猃狁的侵战如此强大猖狂，马能不日日加强戒备？这两章写的是猃狁的匈悍而周家军队盛大的军威，纪律严正，卒伍精强。但是戍役的生活也是艰辛而紧张的，这些都是作者用写实的笔法来写的。第六章则笔锋一转，写出征人在还乡路上饱受饥寒，痛定思痛的哀伤心情：想起出征之时，那依依杨柳，枝茂叶盛，而此时风雪归程，路远，天寒，又饥，又渴，可谓十分狼狈而又凄苦。晋人谢玄把“昔我往矣”四句论为三百篇中最好的诗句。在文学史上影响极大。常为后世文人反复吟唱、仿效。由于《诗经》素以浑厚、质朴著称，这类如此凄婉动人的作品确属不多。因而它便成了《诗经》抒情作品的一个典范而为历代文学家所称颂。这首诗的主题是严肃的。猃狁的凶悍，周家军士严阵以待，作者以戍役军士的身份描述了以天子之命命将帅、遣戊役，守卫中国，军旅的严肃威武，生活的紧张艰辛。作者的爱国情怀是通过对猃狁的仇恨来表现的。更是通过对他们忠于职守的叙述——“不遑启居”、“不遑启处”、“岂敢定居”、“岂不日戒”和他们内心极度思乡的强烈对比来表现的。全诗再衬以动人的自然景物的描写：薇之生，薇之柔，薇之刚，棠棣花开，依依杨柳，霏霏雨雪，都烘托了军士们“日戒”的生活，心里却是思归的情愫，这里写的都是将士们真真实实的思想，忧伤的情调并不降低本篇作为爱国诗篇的价值，恰恰相反是表现了人们的纯真朴实，合情合理的思想内容和情感，也正是这种纯正的真实性，赋予了这首诗强盛的生命力和感染力。从写作上看，它和诗经的许多作品一样用以薇起兴的手法，加上章法、词法上重沓叠奏，使内容和情趣都得以层层铺出，渐渐深化，也增强了作品的音乐美和节奏感。全诗有记叙，有议论，有景物，有抒情，有心理描写，搭配错落有致，又十分妥贴，因此《采薇》（节选）一篇确是《诗经》中最好的篇章之一。
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上一首：
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李白《
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望庐山瀑布水二首》
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钱福《
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明日歌》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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秋思
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宋代：
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释斯植
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雨过山城日又西，西风一阵木犀开。
莫将心事凭秋雁，恐带边愁入梦来。
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病起小斋即事
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：
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郭谏臣
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不到名园久，春残花事稀。林香还入坐，草色欲沾衣。
乔木干青汉，层台落翠微。平生耽胜赏，日暮竟忘归。
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颂古十首
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宋代：
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释普岩
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月淡江空泛小舟，唱歌和月看江流。
更深欹枕梦何处，两峰清霜晓未收。
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题润瑶家一款武夷岩茶——马头岩肉桂
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：
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张伯元
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忽来方外香，欲言言不得。为问识广者，一时皆语塞。
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越裳献白翟（一作丁仙芝诗）
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唐代：
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孙昌胤
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圣哲符休运，伊皋列上台。覃恩丹徼远，入贡素翚来。
北阙欣初见，南枝顾未回。敛容残雪净，矫翼片云开。
驯扰将无惧，翻飞幸莫猜。甘从上苑里，饮啄自裴回。
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留别台中人士 其五
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清代：
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姚莹
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城狐社鼠屡惊骚，庙算频烦圣主劳。百尺丰碑铭上将，万家新鬼哭寒潮。
书生殄贼皆能武，草泽从公岂待招！几辈白头今日在，天教忠义翊清朝。