酹江月·淮城感兴
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宋代]：张绍文
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举杯呼月，问神京何在，淮山隐隐。抚剑频看勋业事，惟有孤忠挺挺。宫阙腥膻，衣冠沦没，天地凭谁整。一枰棋坏，救时著数宜紧。
虽是幕府文书，玉关烽火，暂送平安信。满地干戈犹未戢，毕竟中原谁定。便欲凌空，飘然直上，拂拭山河影。倚风长啸，夜深霜露凄冷。
酹江月·淮城感兴鉴赏
《酹江月》即《念奴娇》，音节高亢满怀激情，适宜抒写豪迈悲壮和惆怅的感情。围绕重整河山的政治抱负，开篇三个问句，落笔不凡。作者举杯高声问高悬的明月，“神京何在？”问月的举动本身已充分表现了作者无人倾诉的压抑的心情，神京指北宋故都汴京，自徽、钦被俘死在异域之后，多年来和战纷纭，至今仍是故土久违。在高问“神京何在”这种高亢激昂的句子之后接上“淮山隐隐”，凄凉迷惘之情，深寓于凄迷之景。“抚剑频看勋业事，惟有孤忠挺挺”。用“频看”与“惟有”突出问题的严重性及作者的急迫心情。词的第一小段就表现出了语气急促和词意的起伏跌宕，自汴京失守后中原故土衣冠文物荡然无存，面对占领者肆意抢夺与残暴行经，作者悲愤填膺，发出大义凛然的一声高问：“天地凭谁整？”此句一出，词的意境升高，作者的这个“谁”，是包括自己在内的千千万万爱国志士。作者清醒地认识到时局败坏，危机四伏，大有一发而不可收拾之势。所以，他大声疾呼：“一枰棋坏，救时著数宜紧。”将岌岌可危的时局比作形势不妙的棋局。人们知道，棋局不好，必须出“手筋”，出“胜负手”，丝毫不容懈怠。这一比喻极为鲜明逼真生动，是对当朝者苟且偷安，醉生梦死的当头斥责。
词的上片用“问神京何在？”“天地凭谁整？”将政治形势与面临的任务摆出，并以救棋局为例生动地说明应采取补救措施。下片则针对现状中存在的问题，发出第三问：“毕竟中原谁定？”同时，表明自己的态度与痛苦、愁闷之情。“幕府文书”，指前方军事长官所发出的公文：“玉关烽火”，代指前线军中的消息。现在虽都“暂送平安信”，前方暂告平安无事，但战乱未停，占事未休，蒙古人正在窥伺江南，这种平静安宁只是一种假象，是火山爆发前的安宁。然而，当朝权贵不理睬收复失地的主张，不招用抗战人才，却在压抑民气，因此，作者在“满地干戈犹未戢”之后发出“毕竟中原谁定”之问，其声颇带悲凉气氛，表现了一个爱国者为国家生死存亡的忧愁，同时，也暗含自己不可推卸的责任感。表面上，“毕竟中原谁定”一句与上片的“天地凭谁整”文义略同，但这不是简单的重复，而是在“天地凭谁整”基础上的词意递进，同时加深思想感情。“便欲凌空，飘然直上，拂拭山河影”。这里作者借拂拭月亮表现澄清中原和重整河山的强烈愿望。“倚风长啸，夜深霜露凄冷”为最后两句，改换角度，表现作者愤激满胸的情怀。尽管作者幻想“飘然直上”，去扫除黑暗，但无法摆脱污浊可憎的现实的约束。由于理想与现实的矛盾不可调和，不禁使人抑郁难耐，迸发的感情受到压抑，于是“倚风长啸”，倾吐悲愤怨气。“夜深霜露凄紧”则透露出严酷的时代氛围。结尾仍是扣人心弦发人深省的。
这首词以词格来写政事，以设问句提出问题，以比喻句阐明问题，文字朴素，不崇雕琢，但却简洁明快，气韵豪迈飘逸。词的写作，作者不采用大起大落的笔势，而是以回旋往复的曲调来表现抑扬相错的情感，节奏舒缓却意味隽永。
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上一首：
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宋之问《
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灵隐寺》
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李白《
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双燕离》
张绍文简介
唐代·张绍文的简介
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张绍文（生卒年不详）字庶成，润州（今江苏镇江）人。张榘之子。《江湖后集》卷一四载其词四首。
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舆笋呕哑山径迷，秋风著我下南溪。不遭离乱胡泞淖，自觉川原无町畦。
万里乡愁随处写，半竿残日向人低。朋侪为问生涯似，松鼠穿林与竹鸡。
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送刘玉田通判归山
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宋代：
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诗工穷鬼妒，貌古人只讥。
达士何荣辱，閒官更是非。
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菩萨蛮
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近现代：
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章士钊
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昨宵失睡仍朝起。愁人向乏销愁计。凉日上珠兰。秋风一味寒。
添衣窗下坐。冷燕檐前过。燕语似将离。丁宁春社时。
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题致仕袁成均燕申亭
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吕陶
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挂冠归后爱林泉，择地为亭欲看山。清画绝无尘坌到，白云常与性情閒。
诗书教子雍容外，琴酒娱宾笑傲间。堂构不隳门有庆，綵衣终约锦衣还。
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唐代：
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王维
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君心尚栖隐，久欲傍归路。在朝每为言，解印果成趣。
晨鸡鸣邻里，群动从所务。农夫行饷田，闺妾起缝素。
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元代：
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陈樵
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黄金缕水细粼粼，葑合平池绿似云。鹦鹉无言初病瘴，丁香不结又经春。
行稀蜡屐留前齿，坐久玉琴生断纹。几度凭栏愁举袂，春花半作庾公尘。