忆帝京·薄衾小枕凉天气
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宋代]：柳永
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薄衾小枕凉天气，乍觉别离滋味。展转数寒更，起了还重睡。毕竟不成眠，一夜长如岁。
也拟待、却回征辔；又争奈、已成行计。万种思量，多方开解，只恁寂寞厌厌地。系我一生心，负你千行泪。
忆帝京·薄衾小枕凉天气译文及注释
译文
小睡之后，就因薄被而被冻醒，突然觉有种难以名状的离别滋味涌上心头。辗转反侧地细数着寒夜里那敲更声次，起来了又重新睡下，反复折腾终究不能入睡，一夜如同一年那样漫长。
也曾打算勒马再返回，无奈，为了生计功名已动身上路，又怎么能就这样无功而回呢？千万次的思念，总是想尽多种方法加以开导解释，最后只能就这样寂寞无聊地不了了之。我将一生一世地把你系在我心上，却辜负了你那流不尽的伤心泪！
注释
忆帝京：词牌名，柳永制曲，盖因忆在汴京之妻而命名，《乐章集》注“南吕调”。双调七十二字，上片六句四仄韵，下片七句四仄韵。
薄衾（qīn）：薄薄的被子。小枕：稍稍就枕。
乍觉：突然觉得。
展转：同“辗转”，翻来覆去。《楚辞·刘向》：“忧心展转，愁怫郁兮。”数寒更（gēng）：因睡不着而数着寒夜的更点。古时自黄昏至拂晓，将一夜分为甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五个时段，谓之“五更”，又称“五鼓”。每更又分为五点，更则击鼓，点则击锣，用以报时。
拟待：打算。向子諲《梅花引·戏代李师明作》：“花阴边，柳阴边，几回拟待偷怜不成怜。”征辔（pèi）：远行之马的缰绳，代指远行的马。潘问奇《自磁州趋邯郸途中即事》：“旁午停征辔，炊烟得几家？”
争奈：怎奈。张先《百媚娘·珠阙五云仙子》：“乐事也知存后会，争奈眼前心里？”
行计：出行的打算。
只恁（nèn）：只是这样。辛弃疾 《卜算子·饮酒不写书》：“万札千书只恁休，且进杯中物。”厌厌：同“恹恹”，精神不振的样子。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 等 ．柳永词新释辑评 ．北京市 ：中华书局 ，2005年1月第1版 ：519-520 ．
2、薛瑞生 ．柳永词选 ．北京市 ：中华书局 ，2005年1月第1版 ：35-36 ．
忆帝京·薄衾小枕凉天气创作背景
此词具体创作年份暂不可考。然柳永词的最大特点在于写实，此词词牌名为“忆帝京”，大概是因为回忆在汴京的妻子而命名的，词中又说“乍觉别离滋味”，这个“乍”字，说明柳永离开汴京不久，而“薄衾小枕凉天气”则说明作词时间是初秋。柳永因“觉别离滋味”，从而写下这首词。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生 ．柳永词选 ．北京市 ：中华书局 ，2005年1月第1版 ：35-36 ．
忆帝京·薄衾小枕凉天气鉴赏
这首《忆帝京》是柳永抒写离别相思的系列词作之一。这首词纯用口语白描来表现男女双方的内心感受，艺术表现手法新颖别致。是柳永同类作品中较有特色的一首。
起句写初秋天气逐渐凉了。“薄衾”，是由于天气虽凉却还没有冷；从“小枕”看，词中人此时还拥衾独卧，于是“乍觉别离滋味”。“乍觉”，是初觉，刚觉，由于被某种事物触动，一下引起了感情的波澜。接下来作者将“别离滋味”作了具体的描述：“展转数寒更，起了还重睡”。空床展转，夜不能寐；希望睡去，是由于梦中也许还可以解愁。默默地计算着更次，可是仍不能入睡，起床后，又躺下来。
区区数笔把相思者床头展转腾挪，忽睡忽起，不知如何是好的情状，毫不掩饰地表达出来了。“毕竟不成眠”，是对前两句含意的补充。“毕竟”两字有终于、到底、无论如何等意思。接着“一夜长如岁”一句巧妙地化用了《诗径·王风·采葛》中“一日不见，如三岁兮”的句意，但语句更为凝炼，感情更为深沉。这几句把“别离滋味”如话家常一样摊现开来，质朴无华的词句里，蕴含着炽烈的生活热情。
词的下片转而写游子思归，表现了游子理智与感情发生冲突复杂的内心体验。“也拟待、却回征辔”，至此可以知道，这位薄衾小枕不成眠的人，离开他所爱的人没有多久，可能是早晨才分手，便为“别离滋味”所苦了。此刻当他无论如何都难遣离情的时候，心里不由得涌起另一个念头：唉，不如掉转马头回去吧。“也拟待”，这是万般无奈后的心理活动。可是，“又争奈、已成行计”意思是说，已经踏上征程，又怎么能再返回原地呢？归又归不得，行又不愿行，结果仍只好“万种思量，多方开解”，但出路自然找不到，便只能“寂寞厌厌地”，百无聊赖地过下去了。最后两句“系我一生心，负你千行泪”包含着多么沉挚的感情：我对你一生一世也不会忘记，但看来事情只能如此，也只应如此，虽如此，却仍不能相见，那么必然是“负你千行泪”了。这一句恰到好处地总结了全词彼此相思的意脉，突出了以“我”为中心的怀人主旨。
这首词“细密而妥溜”（刘熙载《艺概》），纯用口语，流畅自然，委婉曲折地表达抒情主人公之间的真挚情爱，思想和艺术都比较成熟。
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柳永《
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忆帝京·薄衾小枕凉天气》
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金德淑《
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望江南·春睡起》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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沧江暮雨维舟楫，古驿残花对酒卮。知己难同嘉会少，孤帆欲别更迟迟。
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答杨银台实夫
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明代：
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周伦
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华省得高彦，道谊端可即。暌违苦炎热，书记每相忆。
因拟翠微寺，侵晨计登陟。适我绊公事，跻马复停勒。
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淮安忠武王箭歌题垂虹桥亭
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元代：
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王逢
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淮王昔下江南城，万灶兵拥双霓旌。
锦裘绣帽白玉带，金戈铁马红鞶缨。