清平乐·凤城春浅
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宋代]：陈允平
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凤城春浅，寒压花梢颤。有约不来梁上燕，十二绣帘空卷。
去年共倚秋千，今年独倚阑干。误了海棠时候，不成直待花残。(独倚一作：独上)
清平乐·凤城春浅鉴赏
这是一首描写闺妇之思的词作，大概作于词人留居钱塘之时。
全词以“凤城春浅，寒压花梢颤”起句。“凤城”即南宋京城临安。“春浅”言初春，指出季节。“寒压花梢颤”，因时为初春，故残寒肆虐，花梢打颤，“压”字给人以寒气如磐的沉重之感，一方面渲染了当时的环境气氛，同时也暗示着人物怨恨的特有心境。这是情景交融，以景衬情。“有约”一句言因为刚入春天还冷的缘故，因此见不着燕子踪迹。此写燕，实用以寄托思妇的重重心事。说“有约”，是嘱燕传递天涯芳信，但燕却违约不来，故接用“十二绣帘空卷”一句，将闺妇思夫的烦恼无端发泄到燕子身上。“十二绣帘”，泛指帘幕。燕巢梁上，垂帘妨碍燕子活动，故须卷起。“空卷”一词，寓有思妇盼燕归来的急迫心情和对梁燕不来的惆怅与空虚，思妇在春寒中翘首期盼的痴怜之态跃然纸上，真切生动。
下片之结构，全由上片结句而来，正面抒写思妇的相思幽怨情怀。“去年共倚秋千”一句意即见秋千而触动旧欢，用“去年”，引出往昔情事，心中荡起一层幸福的涟漪。“今年独上阑干”一句，忽又跌入眼前“独上阑干”的寂寞凄清苦闷之情。“去年”“今日”，一欢一恨，形成鲜明对比。结句转入幽怨，埋怨所爱的人不能及时惜花，误了花期，相思之重，故埋怨之深。
全词所写虽然缠绵悱恻的闺怨之情，但艺术上有其鲜明的风格和特色。就结论而论，由物及人，由景及情，平正和谐，而缺乏变化，虽然不能反映起伏不定的感情，却正好适宜于表现幽怨与含蓄的情怀；就人物而论，没有涉及女性的体态服饰，写其轻嗔薄怒之态，人却隐而不露，走见词风的平正雅致。语言含蓄委婉，清丽可人。铭心刻骨的相思一诉诸文字，却成了“误了海棠时候，不成直待花残”。这里，没有直白的表达，也没有强烈指责，有的只是“十二绣帘空卷”的痴心与怅然，和平婉曲但含思凄迷哀婉，而思妇的情态及思绪的微澜，描画得生动传神。南海伍崇曜跋《日湖渔唱》，曾标举此词下片云：“清转华妙，宜玉田生秀冠江东，亦相推挹矣。”这“清转华妙”四字，道出了此词的艺术特色。
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上一首：
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周密《
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绣鸾凤花犯·赋水仙》
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下一首：
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吴文英《
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望江南·三月暮》
陈允平简介
唐代·陈允平的简介
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陈允平，字君衡，一字衡仲，号西麓，宋末元初四明鄞县（今浙江宁波市鄞县）人。生卒年俱不确定，前人认为“把陈允平的生年定在宁宗嘉定八年到十三年之间（1215-1220）比较合理”，“卒年疑在元贞前后，与周密卒年相去不远”，暂依之。少从杨简学，德祐时授沿海制置司参议官。有诗集《西麓诗稿》，存诗86首，《全宋诗》另从《永乐大典》辑3首，从《诗渊》辑50首，共计139首。有词集《日湖渔唱》和《西麓继周集》，各存词86首和123首，还有5首有调名而无词，《全宋词》无另辑者，共计209首。
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