清平乐·春晚
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宋代]：王安国
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清平乐·春晚译文及注释
译文
怎么也未能把春天留住，白白地让黄莺唱个不停。满地都是脏污的红锦落花，是昨夜一场风雨的侵凌。
小怜姑娘刚刚弹起琵琶，拂晓她思绪万千萦绕天庭。看那不肯进入豪门大户的杨花，自由自在地漫舞春风。
注释
清平乐（yuè）：唐教坊曲名，后用为词牌名。又名”清平乐令“”醉东风“”忆萝月“。《宋史·乐志》入“大石调”，《金奁集》《乐章集》并入“越调”。
宫锦：宫廷监制并特有的锦缎。这里喻指落花。
“满地”“昨夜”二句：应作倒装理解。
小怜：北齐后主淑妃冯小怜，善弹琵琶。这里借指弹琵琶的歌女。
杨花：一作“梨花”。
参考资料：
1、陆林编注．宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992：53-54
2、李静 等．唐诗宋词鉴赏大全集．北京：华文出版社，2009：242% 蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009：201
清平乐·春晚鉴赏
古来伤春愁秋的诗词多得不可胜数。这类被人嚼烂了的题材，却是历代不乏佳篇，非但不使人感到老一套，相反，永远有新鲜之感。王安国这首《清平乐》就是这样的好词。
词题为《春晚》，顾名思义是写残春景象。“留春不住，费尽莺儿语。满地残红宫锦污，昨夜南园风雨。”作者一起笔就写由于“昨夜雨疏风骤”，南园已满地残红了。词人面对这万花凋谢的景象，自然不胜伤感。此时耳边传来了黄莺儿不停的啼唱，于是，他仿佛感觉到多情的莺儿也正为落花发愁，苦劝春天不要归去呢。“留春不住，费尽莺儿语”，好像词人叹息。写莺语的“费尽”，实是衬托出词人的失落感，因为花开花谢，春去秋来，是自然规律与莺儿无关。妙词人赋予禽鸟以人的感情，不直说自己无计留春之苦，而是借莺儿之口吐露此情，手法新巧而又饶有韵味。
此词交叉地写听觉与视觉的感受，从音响与色彩两个方面勾勒出一幅残败的暮春图画。开头从听莺声写起，转而便诉诸视觉。一夜风雨过后，园花凋谢，残红败蕊，满地飘零，狼藉不堪。百花盛开时，灿烂本如宫锦，可惜此时给糟塌得不成样子了！“满地残红”自是残春时节的典型景色，比之美好宫锦之被污损，词人痛惜之情可见。
下面又从视觉转到听觉上来：正当词人目睹这如花似锦的春天匆匆消逝，心中无限惆怅之时，仿佛从远处传来歌女小怜之辈弹奏琵琶的声音，“弦弦掩抑声声思”，那弦弦声声正是惜春惜花之情。小怜，即北齐后主高纬宠幸的冯淑妃，因她“慧黠能弹琵琶”，后代诗人常用以借指歌女。此词中“小怜初上琵琶”，是从李驾《冯小怜》诗“湾头见小怜，请上琵琶弦”句化出。这琶琶之声哀婉动人，当此即将逝去的春宵，有多少闺中佳人长夜不眠，那剪不断理还乱的情思飞越千里关山，追寻天涯游子。这里，作者抒写的是由春天的匆匆归去而引起的年华虚度之感，隐隐寄托着一种美人迟暮、英雄末路的悲慨。
最后，词人写到眼前触目皆是的杨花——这一暮春特有的风光：只见那如雪的飞花飘扬，是那样的自由自，可始终不肯飞入那权贵人家的画堂朱户。
这首词表达了词人伤春、惜春、慨叹美好年华逝去的情怀，寄寓了作者深沉的身世感慨。全词融情于景，写景中融进了自己的生活，写出了自己的性情与风骨，堪称一首出类拔萃的伤春词。
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刘辰翁《
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王安国简介
唐代·王安国的简介
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王安国（1028年-1074年）字平甫，王安石大弟。熙宁进士。北宋临川（今江西省东乡县上池村）人。北宋著名诗人。世称王安礼、王安国、王雱为“临川三王”。王安国器识磊落，文思敏捷，曾巩谓其“于书无所不通，其明于是非得失之理为尤详，其文闳富典重，其诗博而深。
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