垂柳
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唐代]：唐彦谦
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绊惹春风别有情，世间谁敢斗轻盈。
楚王江畔无端种，饿损纤腰学不成。
垂柳译文及注释
译文
垂柳绊惹着春风翩然起舞别有一番情怀,在这个世界上飘逸之美还有什么能与之比肩呢？
婆娑于江畔的垂柳，本是无心所插，可楚王宫中的嫔妃们为使腰肢也像垂柳般纤细轻盈，宁愿忍耐饥饿，甚至白白饿死。
注释
惹：将垂柳拟人化，绊惹：撩逗。
斗：竞争，比赛。
楚王：楚灵王，也暗指现实中的王，江：长安附近的曲江。
损：损坏，纤腰：女子的细腰。
垂柳创作背景
晚唐朝政腐败，大臣竞相以善于窥测皇帝意向为能，极尽逢合谄媚之能事。诗人对此深恶痛绝，愤世嫉俗之情油然而生，写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、傅根生．唐彦谦诗歌及其文学史地位的再认识：达县，2004-05-10
垂柳鉴赏
首句“绊惹春风别有情”，撇开垂柳的外貌不写，径直从动态中写其性格、情韵。柳枝的摇曳，本是春风轻拂的结果，可诗人不以实道来，而说是垂柳有意撩逗春风。“绊惹”二字，把垂柳写活，第二句，“世间谁敢斗轻盈？”把垂柳写得形态毕肖。“轻盈”，形容体态苗条。诗人极写垂柳美，自有一番心意。垂柳暗以体态轻盈的美人赵飞燕自喻，是紧承上句，以垂柳自夸的口气写出其纤柔飘逸之美。“谁敢斗轻盈”问得极妙，这一问，从反面肯定了垂柳的美是无与伦比的，也显出了垂柳恃美而骄的神情。
后二句“楚王江畔无端种，饿损纤腰学不成”，婆娑于江畔的垂柳，本是无心所插，却害得楚王宫中的嫔妃们为使腰支也象垂柳般纤细轻盈，不敢吃饭，而白白饿死。笔锋一转，另辟蹊径，联想到楚灵王“爱细腰，宫女多饿死”的故事，巧妙地抒发了诗人托物寄兴的情怀。诗人并不在发思古之幽情，而是有感而发。试想当时晚唐朝政腐败，大臣竞相以善于窥测皇帝意向为能，极尽逢合谄媚之能事。这种邀宠取媚的伎俩也很象“饿损纤腰”的楚王宫女，“楚王江畔无端种”，“无端”二字意味深长，江畔种柳，对楚王来说，也许是随意为之，而在争宠斗艳的宫女们心目中却成了了不起的大事，她们自以为揣摩到楚王爱细腰的意向了，而竞相束腰以至于饿饭、饿死，含蓄而深刻。
全诗中诗人将矛头直指皇帝及其为首的封建官僚集团，直陈时弊，淋漓痛快。诗人采取了迂回曲折、托物寄兴的手法，柔情中见犀利，含蓄中露锋芒，二者可谓殊途同归，各尽其妙。旨在写意，重在神似，他虽无意对垂柳进行工笔刻画，但给读者以艺术美的享受。这首诗咏垂柳，没有精工细刻柳的枝叶外貌，也没有点染柳的色泽光彩，但刻画出体态轻盈、翩翩起舞、风姿秀出的垂柳，是一首具有韵味的咏物诗。
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张祜《
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纵游淮南》
唐彦谦简介
唐代·唐彦谦的简介
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唐彦谦（？～893）字茂业，号鹿门先生，并州晋阳（今山西省太原市）人。咸通末年上京考试，结果十余年不中，一说咸通二年（861）中进士。乾符末年，兵乱，避地汉南。中和中期，王重荣镇守河中，聘为从事，累迁节度副使，晋、绛二州刺史。光启三年(887)，王重荣因兵变遇害，他被责贬汉中掾曹。杨守亮镇守兴元（今陕西省汉中市）时，担任判官。官至兴元（今陕西省汉中市）节度副使、阆州（今四川省阆中市）、壁州（今四川省通江县）刺史。晚年隐居鹿门山，专事著述。 昭宗景福二年（893）卒于汉中。
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