青青陵上柏
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两汉]：佚名
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青青陵上柏，磊磊涧中石。
人生天地间，忽如远行客。
斗酒相娱乐，聊厚不为薄。
驱车策驽马，游戏宛与洛。
洛中何郁郁，冠带自相索。
长衢罗夹巷，王侯多第宅。
两宫遥相望，双阙百余尺。
极宴娱心意，戚戚何所迫？
青青陵上柏译文及注释
译文
陵墓上长得青翠的柏树，溪流里堆聚成堆的石头。
人生长存活在天地之间，就好比远行匆匆的过客。
区区斗酒足以娱乐心意，虽少却胜过豪华的宴席。
驾起破马车驱赶着劣马，照样在宛洛之间游戏着。
洛阳城里是多么的热闹，达官贵人彼此相互探访。
大路边列夹杂着小巷子，随处可见王侯贵族宅第。
南北两个宫殿遥遥相望，两宫的望楼高达百余尺。
达官贵人们虽尽情享乐，却忧愁满面不知何所迫。
英译
GreenGreen,theCypressontheRidge
Greengreenthecypress*ontheridge,
stonesheapedaboutinmountainstreams:
betweenheavenandearthourlivesrushpast
liketravelerswithalongroadtogo.
Letthismeasureofwinebeourmerriment;
valueithighly,withoutdisdain.
Iracethecarriage,whipthelagginghorses,
roamforpleasuretoWanandLo**.
HereinLo-yang,whatsurgingcrowds,
cappedandbeltedoneschasingeachother;
longavenuesfringedwithnarrowalleys,
themanymansionsofprincesandpeers.
TheTwoPalacesfaceeachotherfromafar,
pairedtowersoverahundredfeettall.
Letthefeastlastforever,delighttheheart--
thenwhatgrieforgloomcanweighusdown?
注释
青青：本意为蓝色，引申为深绿色，这里的“青青”，犹言长青青，是说草木茂盛的意思。陵：表示与地形地势的高低上下有关，此处指大的土山或墓地。柏：四季常青的树木，可供建筑及制造器物之用。
磊：众石也，即石头多。会意字，从三石。
生：生长，生活。
忽：本义为不重视、忽略，此处指快的意思。远行客：在此有比喻人生的短暂如寄于天地的过客的意思。客，表示与家室房屋有关，本义为寄居、旅居、住在异国他乡。此句言人在世上，为时短暂，犹如远道作客，不久得回去。
斗酒：指少量的酒。
薄：指酒味淡而少。
驽马：本义为劣马，走不快的马。亦作形容词，比喻才能低劣。
宛：南阳古称宛，位于河南西南部，与湖北、陕西接壤，因地处伏牛山以南，汉水之北而得名。洛：洛阳的简称。
郁郁：盛貌，形容洛中繁盛热闹的气象。
冠带：顶冠束带者，指京城里的达官显贵。冠带是官爵的标志，用以区别于平民。索：求访。
衢：四达之道，即大街。夹巷：央在长衢两旁的小巷。
第：本写作“弟”。本义为次第、次序，此指大官的住宅。
两宫：指洛阳城内的南北两宫。
阙：古代宫殿、祠庙或陵墓前的高台，通常左右各一，台上起楼观，二阙之间有道路。亦为宫门的代称。
极宴：穷极宴会。
戚：忧思也。迫：逼近。
参考资料：
1、余冠英 选注．乐府诗选．北京：人民文学出版社，1954（第2版）：56-57
2、郭茂倩编 崇贤书院释译．乐府诗集．北京：新世界出版社，2014：289-291
青青陵上柏创作背景
《古诗十九首》的时代和作者向来是汉魏文学研究中的热点问题，各种观点异彩纷呈。宇文所安认为中国早期诗歌是一个复制系统，找不到“古诗”早于建安时期的确凿证据。木斋提出《古诗十九 首》及建安诗歌的重要组成大部分诗作是曹植之作。
参考资料：
1、孙明君.《青青陵上柏》的作者与作年辨.陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2014(01):88-91
2、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选（一）．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999：237
青青陵上柏鉴赏
这首诗与《古诗十九首》中的另一首《驱车上东门》在感慨生命短促这一点上有共同性，但艺术构思和形象蕴含却很不相同。《驱车上东门》的主人公望北邙而生哀，想到的只是死和未死之前的生活享受；这首诗的主人公游京城而兴叹，想到的不止是死和未死之时的吃好穿好。
开头四句，接连运用有形、有色、有声、有动作的事物作反衬、作比喻，把生命短促这样一个相当抽象的意思讲得很有实感，很带激情。主人公独立苍茫，俯仰兴怀：向上看，山上古柏青青，四季不凋；向下看，涧中众石磊磊，千秋不灭。头顶的天，脚底的地，当然更其永恒；而生于天地之间的人呢，却像出远门的旅人那样，匆匆忙忙，跑回家去。《文选》李善注引《尸子》《列子》释“远行客”：“人生于天地之间，寄也。寄者固归。”“死人为‘归人’，则生人为‘行人’。”《古诗》中如“人生寄一世”，“人生忽如寄”等，都是不久即“归”（死）的意思。
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佚名《
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生年不满百》
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颜仁郁《
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农家》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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又题伍相庙
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：
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周南
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废堞披榛旧，羁卧毕命心。
江湖吞故壑，貌相匪斯今。
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游碧玉洞
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：
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区必傅
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杖策恣邀游，相从在浚谷。洞口白云生，天际岩如屋。
瀑布挂崖间，飞空作碧玉。长侣江流声，还如烟雾簇。
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裴素明日帖赞
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宋代：
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岳珂
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有王茂宏之笔势，予非取其丽。
从容而大肆，巧者以愧，
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淮安忠武王箭歌题垂虹桥亭
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元代：
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王逢
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淮王昔下江南城，万灶兵拥双霓旌。
锦裘绣帽白玉带，金戈铁马红鞶缨。
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同苗发慈恩寺避暑
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唐代：
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李端
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追凉寻宝刹，畏日望璇题。卧草同鸳侣，临池似虎溪。
树闲人迹外，山晚鸟行西。若问无心法，莲花隔淤泥。
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元夕灯词 其七
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：
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弘历
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九华双炬照长楼，楼上仙人来往游。今岁看灯有新使，孜孜益凛固金瓯。