冉冉孤生竹
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两汉]：佚名
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冉冉孤生竹，结根泰山阿。
与君为新婚，菟丝附女萝。
菟丝生有时，夫妇会有宜。
千里远结婚，悠悠隔山陂。
思君令人老，轩车来何迟！
伤彼蕙兰花，含英扬光辉。
过时而不采，将随秋草萎。
君亮执高节，贱妾亦何为！
冉冉孤生竹译文及注释
译文
我好像那荒野里孤生的野竹，希望能在大山谷里找到依靠的伴侣。
你我相亲新婚时你远赴他乡，犹如兔丝附女萝我仍孤独而无依靠。
兔丝有繁盛也有枯萎的时候，夫妻也应该会要有俩相厮守的时宜。
我远离家乡千里来与你结婚，正是新婚恩爱时你却离我远赴他乡。
相思苦岁月摧人老青春有限，多麼的盼望夫君功成名就早日归来。
我自喻是朴素纯情的蕙兰花，正是含苞待放楚楚怜人盼君早采撷。
怕过了时节你还不归来采撷，那秋雨飒风中将随著秋草般的凋谢。
你信守高节而爱情坚贞不渝，那我就只有守著相思苦苦的等著你。
注释
冉冉：柔弱下垂貌。孤生竹：犹言野生竹。孤，独。
泰山：即“太山”，犹言“大山”“高山”。阿（ē）：山坳。
为新婚：刚出嫁婚娶。
兔丝：一作“菟丝”，一种旋花科的蔓生植物，女子自比。女萝：一说即“松萝”，一种缘松而生的蔓生植物，以比男子。
生有时：草木有繁盛即有枯萎，以喻人生有少壮即有衰老。
宜：犹言适当的时间。
悠悠：遥远貌。山陂：泛指山和水。吕向注：“陂，水也。”
轩车：有篷的车。这里指迎娶的车。
蕙兰花：女子自比。蕙、兰是两种同类香草。
含英：指花朵初开而未尽发。含，没有完全发舒。英，花瓣。扬光辉：形容容光焕发。
萎：枯萎，凋谢。
亮：同“谅”，料想。执高节：即守节情不移的意思。
贱妾：女子自称。
参考资料：
1、郭茂倩编 崇贤书院释译．乐府诗集．北京：新世界出版社，2014：292-294
冉冉孤生竹创作背景
《冉冉孤生竹》是《古诗十九首》之一。《古诗十九首》大约是东汉后期作品。至于《冉冉孤生竹》的具体创作时间则难以考证。有人认为此诗是婚后夫有远行，妻子怨别之作；也有人认为此诗是写一对男女已有成约而尚未成婚，男方迟迟不来迎娶，女方遂有种种疑虑哀伤，作出这首感情细腻曲折之诗。
参考资料：
1、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选（一）．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999：237
2、李炳海.《古诗十九首》写作年代考[J].东北师范大学学报.1987(01)
冉冉孤生竹鉴赏
“冉冉孤生竹，结根泰山阿。”竹而曰“孤生”以喻其孑孑孤立而无依靠，“冉冉”是女子自寓柔弱。竹结根之处是大山，又在山阿之处，可以避风，这是以山比喻男方。《文选》李善注曰：“结根于山阿，喻妇人托身于君子也。”
“与君为新婚，兔丝附女萝。”兔丝（菟丝）和女萝是两种蔓生植物，其茎蔓互相牵缠，比喻两个生命的结合。《文选》五臣注：“菟丝女萝并草，有蔓而密，言结婚情如此。”从下文看来，菟丝是女子的自喻，女萝是比喻男方。“为新婚”不一定是已经结了婚。清方廷珪《文选集成》说，此是“媒妁成言之始”而“非嫁时”。“为新婚”可能是指已经订了婚，但还没有迎娶。
“兔丝生有时，夫妇会有宜。”这还是以“兔丝（菟丝）”自喻，既然菟丝之生有一定的时间，则夫妇之会亦当及时。言外之意是说既然订婚，就及时结合，不要错过了自己的青春时光。从女子的心境，可以感受到诗人珍惜时光的思想，珍惜美好人生的情感的态度。
“千里远结婚，悠悠隔山陂。”从这两句看来，男方所在甚远，他们的结婚或非易事。这女子曾企盼着，不知何时他的车子才能到来，所以接下来说：“思君令人老，轩车来何迟！”这首诗开头的六句都是比，这四句改用赋，意尽旨远，比以上六句更见性情。
“伤彼蕙兰花，含英扬光辉。过时而不采，将随秋草萎。”这四句又用比。女子以蕙和兰两种香草自喻，把现时的自已比作为娇艳的含苞待放的花朵，如果不及时采摘就会错过时候，娇艳美丽的蕙兰花就将像秋草一样枯黄凋萎。这是希望男方趁早来迎娶，不要错过了时光。唐杜秋娘《金缕衣》：“花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。”与此两句意思相近。
最后二句“君亮执高节，贱妾亦何为？”这女子的疑虑已抒写毕尽，最后遂改为自我安慰。她相信男方谅必坚持高尚的节操，一定会来的，那么自己则不必怨伤。
在艺术上，这首诗歌主要表现在这几方面：首先，运用比喻，形象生动；其次，心理描写，情感丰富；再次，层次清楚，结构严谨；第四，结尾反问，增强效果。
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佚名《
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青青河畔草》
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佚名《
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孟冬寒气至》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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再和三篇 其二
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宋代：
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苏颂
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闻君八法擅临池，擪押工夫世少知。学者伏膺虞秘监，时贤求范永禅师。
流传异日须悬帐，交质何人敢对棋。敛手姜芽柳家样，解嘲几困老刘诗。
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戏赠乐天、复言（此后三篇同韵）
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唐代：
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元稹
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乐事难逢岁易徂，白头光景莫令孤。弄涛船更曾观否，
望市楼还有会无。眼力少将寻案牍，心情且强掷枭卢。
孙园虎寺随宜看，不必遥遥羡镜湖。
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所怀
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宋代：
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文天祥
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予自皋亭山为北所留，深悔一出之误。
闻故人刘小村、陈蒲塘引兵而南，流涕不自堪。
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西湖宴集
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明代：
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姚子蓉
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湖流曲折夜生潮，水国微茫乐事饶。红叶影飘钟出寺，寒鸦声起麓归樵。
悬知别后情千缕，且复尊前醉一瓢。莫讶严城笳鼓急，峰头白鹤正相招。
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忆江南 其六
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明代：
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沈宜修
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湖上风，缥缈楚江东。入面凉生■粉白，飘衣态捲舞衫红。
花落水流中。
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登桐山
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：
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孙承恩
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桐山嵯峨屹孤峰，下瞰江水当奔冲。我来摄衣凌绝顶，飘飘两袖乘长风。
怀仙颇忆桐仙翁，桐仙一去几经载，犹有像设留遗踪。