归园田居·其三
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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衣沾不足惜，但使愿无违。
归园田居·其三译文及注释
译文
我在南山下种植豆子，地里野草茂盛豆苗稀疏。
清晨早起下地铲除杂草，夜幕降临披着月光才回家。
山径狭窄草木丛生，夜间露水沾湿了我的衣裳。
衣衫被沾湿并不可惜，只愿我不违背归隐心意。
注释
南山：指庐山。
稀： 稀少。
兴： 起床。
荒秽：形容词作名词，荒芜，指豆苗里的杂草。秽：肮脏。这里指田中杂草
荷锄：扛着锄头。荷，扛着。
狭： 狭窄。
草木长：草木丛生。长，生长
夕露：傍晚的露水。
沾：（露水）打湿。
足： 值得。
但使愿无违： 只要不违背自己的意愿就行了。但：只。愿： 指向往田园生活，“不为五斗米折腰”，不愿与世俗同流合污的意愿。违：违背。
参考资料：
1、韦凤娟编．古诗三百首 注音 注解 今释 插图：大连出版社，1994.01：第192页
2、彭淑清编著,．中小学古诗词曲选读与赏析：浙江大学出版社，2008.6,：18
归园田居·其三创作背景
公元405年（东晋安帝义熙元年），陶渊明在江西彭泽做县令，不过八十多天，便声称不愿“为五斗米折腰向乡里小儿”，挂印回家。从此结束了时隐时仕、身不由己的生活，终老田园。归来后，作《归园田居》诗一组，共五首。本诗就是其中的第三首。
参考资料：
1、吴小如．《汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，1992年9月版：523-525
归园田居·其三鉴赏
这首“种豆南山下”八句短章，在普普通通、平平常常四十个字的小空间里，表达出了深刻的思想内容，描写了诗人隐居之后躬耕劳动的情景。
本诗共分为两层，前四句为第一层。反映了作者躬耕劳动的生活。暗用杨恽诗作。
这两句写诗人归田园后在南山的山脚下种了一片豆子，那地很慌，草长得很茂盛，可是豆苗却稀稀疏疏的。起句平实自如，如叙家常，就像一个老农在和你说他种的那块豆子的情况，让人觉得淳朴自然，而又亲切。
为了不使豆田荒芜，到秋后有所收成，诗人每天一大早就下地，晚上月亮都出来了才扛着锄头回家。虽说比做管要辛苦得多，可这是诗人愿意的，是他最大的乐趣。正如诗人在《归田园居》(一)中所说的那样：“少无适俗韵，本性爱丘山。误入尘网中，一去三十年。”诗人厌倦了做官，“守拙归田园”才是最爱。从“带月荷锄归”这一美景的描述就可以看出来，他非但没有抱怨种田之，反而乐在其中。。
后四句是本诗的第二层，抒写的则是作者经过生活的磨励和对社会与人生深刻思索之后，对真善美理想的执着追求和与现实社会污浊官场的决裂。
“道狭草木长，夕露沾我衣”。通过道窄草深，夕露沾衣的具体细节描绘，显示出了从事农业劳动的艰苦。诗人身体力行终日劳作在田野，所以他深深地体验到了农业劳动的艰辛，它绝不像那些脱离劳动的文人墨客所描写的那般轻松潇洒。但是作者仍不辞劳苦，继续坚持下去，正像他在《庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻》诗中所说：“田家岂不苦？弗获辞此难。”
对于诗人来说，人生的道路只有两条任他选择：一条是出仕做官，有俸禄保证其生活，可是必须违心地与世俗同流合污；另一条是归隐田园，靠躬耕劳动维持生存，这样可以做到任性存真坚持操守。当他辞去彭泽县令解绶印归田之际，就已经做出了抉择，宁可肉体受苦，也要保持心灵的纯洁，他坚决走上了归隐之路。为了不违背躬耕隐居的理想愿望，农活再苦再累又有何惧？那么“夕露沾衣”就更不足为“惜”了。这种思想已经成了他心中牢不可破的坚定信念，本诗结尾两句’，可谓全篇的诗眼，一经它的点化，篇中醇厚的旨意便合盘现出。
陶诗于平淡中又富于情趣。陶诗的情趣来自于写意。“带月荷锄归”，劳动归来的诗人虽然独自一身，却有一轮明月陪伴。月下的诗人，肩扛一副锄头，穿行在齐腰深的草丛里，这是一幅多么美好的月夜归耕图啊！其中洋溢着诗人心情的愉快和归隐的自豪。“种豆南山下”平淡之语，“带月荷锄归”幽美之句；前句实，后句虚。全诗在平淡与幽美、实景与虚景的相互补衬下相映生辉，柔和完美。
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梅尧臣《
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鲁山山行》
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文天祥《
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过零丁洋》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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