约客
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宋代]：赵师秀
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有约不来过夜半，闲敲棋子落灯花。
约客译文及注释
译文
梅子黄时，家家都被笼罩在雨中，长满青草的池塘边上，传来阵阵蛙声。
时间已过午夜，已约请好的客人还没有来，我无聊地轻轻敲着棋子，震落了点油灯时灯芯结出的疙瘩。
注释
约客：邀请客人来相会。
黄梅时节：五月，江南梅子熟了，大都是阴雨绵绵的时候，称为“梅雨季节”，所以称江南雨季为“黄梅时节”。意思就是夏初江南梅子黄熟的时节。家家雨：家家户户都赶上下雨。形容处处都在下雨。
处处蛙：到处是蛙声。
有约：即为邀约友人。
落灯花：旧时以油灯照明，灯心烧残，落下来时好像一朵闪亮的小花。落，使……掉落。灯花，灯芯燃尽结成的花状物。
参考资料：
1、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：465-466
2、黄瑞云．两宋诗三百首：中州古籍出版社，1997：232-233
约客创作背景
黄梅时节的夜晚，细雨蒙蒙的下着，乡村的池塘传来阵阵蛙鸣。诗人约一位朋友来做客，可等到半夜也没有来。他只好一个人伴着油灯，无聊地敲着棋子。语近情遥，含而不露地表现了作者寂寞的心情。
约客鉴赏
与人约会而久候不至，难免焦躁不安，这大概是每个人都会有的经验，以此入诗，就难以写得蕴藉有味。然而赵师秀的这首小诗状此种情致，却写得深蕴含蓄，余味曲包。
“黄梅时节家家雨，青草池塘处处蛙”，诗歌前两句写景，描绘出一幅江南夏雨图。梅雨季节，阴雨连绵，池塘水涨，蛙声不断，乡村之景是那么清新恬静、和谐美妙。但是，“一切景语皆情语”，诗人在这里并非为写景而写景，而是于景中寄寓了他独自期客的复杂思想感情。“家家雨”既描绘出夏季梅雨的无所不在与急骤密集，表现乡村之景的清新静谧，又暗示了客人不能如期赴约的客观原因，流露出诗人对绵绵梅雨这种阴雨天气的无奈。“处处蛙”既是写池塘中蛙声阵阵，又是采用以声衬静的写法，烘托出梅雨时节乡村夜晚的恬静和谐气氛，同时还折射出诗人落寞孤寂与烦躁不安的心境。这两句诗分别从视觉和听觉两个方面，形象而真切地表现出在夜深人静之时，诗人独自期客而客人却始终没有出现时的独特心理感受。遍布乡村、连绵不断的骤雨，此起彼伏、不绝于耳的蛙鼓，本来十分和谐美妙，但令人懊恼的是：这绵绵阴雨，阻挡了友人如约，如鼓的蛙声，扰乱了诗人的心境。此时此刻，诗人多么希望友人风雨无阻、如期而至，和他一起举棋消愁。
“有约不来过夜半”，这一句才点明了诗题，也使得上面两句景物、声响的描绘有了着落。与客原先有约，但是过了夜半还不见人来，无疑是因为这绵绵不断的夜雨阻止了友人前来践约。夜深不寐，足见诗人期待之久，希望之殷，至此，似乎将期客不至的情形已经写尽，然而末句一个小小的衬垫，翻令诗意大为生色。
“闲敲棋子落灯花”，这句只是写了诗人一个小小的动态，然而在这个动态中，将诗人焦躁而期望的心情刻划得细致入微。因为孤独一人，下不成棋，所以说“闲敲棋子”，棋子本不是敲的，但用来敲打，正体现了孤独中的苦闷；“闲”字说明了无聊，而正在这个“闲”字的背后，隐含着诗人失望焦躁的情绪。
人在孤寂焦虑的时候，往往会下意识地作一种单调机械的动作，像是有意要弄出一点声响去打破沉寂、冲淡优虑，诗人这里的“闲敲棋子”，正是这样的动作。“落灯花”固然是敲棋所致，但也委婉地表现了灯芯燃久，期客时长的情形，诗人怅惘失意的形象也就跃然纸上了。敲棋这一细节中，包含了多层意蕴，有语近情遥，含吐不露的韵味。可见艺术创作中捕捉典型细节的重要。
这首诗另一个明显的特点是对比手法的运用。前两句写户外的“家家雨”、“处处蛙”，直如两部鼓吹，喧聒盈耳。后两句写户内的一灯如豆，枯坐敲棋，寂静无聊，恰与前文构成鲜明对照，通过这种对照，更深地表现了诗人落寞失望的情怀。由此可知，赵师秀等“四灵”诗人虽以淡泊清新的面目出现，其实颇有精心结撰的功夫。
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吴均《
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山中杂诗》
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欧阳修《
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画眉鸟》
赵师秀简介
唐代·赵师秀的简介
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赵师秀（1170～1219年）字紫芝，号灵秀，亦称灵芝，又号天乐。永嘉（今浙江温州）人。南宋诗人。
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