春日即事
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宋代]：吕本中
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病起多情白日迟，强来庭下探花期。
雪消池馆初春后，人倚栏杆欲暮时。
乱蝶狂蜂俱有意，兔葵燕麦自无知。
池边垂柳腰支活，折尽长条为寄谁？
春日即事译文及注释
译文
我病体初愈，带着极大的兴趣，勉强漫步庭院，探寻春天的消息；院中阳光明媚，日影缓缓西移。
池边的亭台楼阁积雪已经消融，透满了初春的活力；我留连忘返，倚着栏杆，一直到夕阳西下，暮云低迷。
那上下翻飞的蝴蝶，那嗡嗡盘旋的蜜蜂，似乎都充满了情意；满地的兔葵，丛生的燕麦，一个劲地长着，怎知我满腹的心思？
池塘边的垂柳在风中摇动着它婀娜的腰肢，我想把它折下送人，可心中的人啊，你此时又在何地？
注释
病起：病愈。
多情：指情志高。
白日迟：用《诗·豳风·七月》“春日迟迟”句，谓春日过得缓慢。
强：勉强。
池馆：池苑馆舍。
初春：春季的第一个月。又称孟春。
兔葵燕麦，两种植物名。语出刘禹锡《再游玄都观》诗，借以形容景象荒凉。
腰支：同“腰肢”。腰身；身段；体态。
长条：长的枝条。特指柳枝。
参考资料：
1、李梦生 ．宋诗三百首全解 ．上海 ：复旦大学出版社，2007年5月1日
春日即事鉴赏
这首诗是吕本中的代表作，无论是抒情还是写景，都写得流转自然，为历来选家所重。
首句的“病起多情”是全诗的主脑，“病起”是身体状况，“多情”是因为病，因为春怀，还有门外的春景。一个人缠绵病榻多日，今天身体好些，能够出外走走，而外面是足以感人、使人留恋的初春美景，诗人自然多情。在这样的心情指导下，见到的景色也变得多情起来。于是，院中的白日、似乎迟迟不坠，将温暖的阳光洒满大地，让诗人尽情领略眼前的春光。首句写春日，照应节候，也是在室内很久的病人乍一出门的最直截的反应，写得很自然。次句“强来庭下探花期”是承首句说，“强来”是“病起”的进一步说明；“探花期”又是“多情”的表现。
次联依“庭下探花期”展开。诗人漫步庭院，欣赏着早春景色，只见病前所见的积雪都已消融，和暖的春风吹满大地，使人懒洋洋地，他便倚着栏杆，久久不想离去，一直到黄昏，太阳即将下山。前面已有“白日迟”句，此联又重说赏景到日暮还不走，他站的时间之久，对景色的多情就得到了深刻的描绘。诗在写景时不仅仅是注目风景，而是把自己嵌入景中，与景物融合成一片。因此宋张九成在《横浦日新录》中称赞说：“此自可入画。人之情意，物之容态，二句尽之。”诗也成为众口称赞的名联。
下一联又接上“人倚阑干”写。诗人倚栏杆这么久，看得这么细，他见到是眼前蜂蝶忙忙碌碌地飞来飞去，遍地长着兔葵、燕麦。诗在这里特地把“有意”与“无知”对举，蜂蝶是有意，为春色而繁忙，兔葵、燕麦是无知，默默地生长。诗人把自己的感情移入物中，使自然界的动植物都带有感情，衬托出自己的主观思想。钱钟书在《宋诗选注》中指出，这二句都有出处。出句是化用了李商隐《二月二日》：“花须柳眼各无赖，紫蝶黄蜂俱有情”句，也参考了杜甫《风雨看舟前落花戏为新句》中的“蜜蜂蝴蝶生情性”句。吕本中在这里借用，显然不单单是描写小昆虫的热闹，赞赏春天的蓬勃生气，而是由它们所交织成的气氛中，感叹自己的孤寂。对句是用刘禹锡《再游玄都观》诗序中的话：“重游玄都观，荡然无复一树，唯兔葵、燕麦动摇于春风耳。”也是藉此含蓄地寄托自己凄然的神思。
上联通过景色，加以主观情感，使诗进入一种幽独伤感的氛围，诗人伤春的情调已经流露出来，尾联就以情语作结，将前三联作一大收煞。诗说小池边的垂柳在春风中飘荡多姿，可我即使要去折它，折了又送给谁呢？古人有折柳送别的习惯，如唐王之涣《送别》云：“杨柳东门树，青青夹御河。近来攀折苦，应为别离多。”乐府有《折杨柳》专咏送别。这首诗由眼前的杨柳想到送别，而所送之人早已走了，如今不知流落在何方，于是又产生怀念，应接得很自然。更见功力的是，这样一结，成为全诗的点睛，原来诗人病起看花，倚栏留恋，感蜂蝶有情，叹葵麦无知，种种“多情”举动，都是因了怀人。心中所怀，不惟不见，连所怀之人在何处都不知道，让他不得不迷惘感伤、凄然泪下。
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柳宗元《
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禅堂》
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潘大临《
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江间作·其一》
吕本中简介
唐代·吕本中的简介
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吕本中（1084- 1145），字居仁，世称东莱先生，寿州人，诗人，词人，道学家. 诗属江西派.著有<<春秋集解>>，<<紫微诗话>>，<<东莱先生诗集>> 等. 词不传，今人赵万里<<校辑宋金元人词>> 辑有<<紫微词>>，<<全宋词>> 据之录词二十七首.吕本中诗数量较大，约一千二百七十首。
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