碧涧别墅喜皇甫侍御相访
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唐代]：刘长卿
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不为怜同病，何人到白云。
碧涧别墅喜皇甫侍御相访译文及注释
译文
荒凉的村落，映照着淡淡的夕阳，纷飞的落叶，在脚下乱成一片。
空荡荡的古道上再没有别的行人。冷清清的山脚下，唯一见到的就是你熟悉的身影。
前些时候下了一场大雨，把那座简陋的小桥给冲垮了，溪涧的水暴涨起来，不少田亩都遭淹没。
哎，要不是顾惜深厚的知己情谊，在这种时候，谁还会跑到这白云出没的山野来啊。
注释
①碧涧（jiàn）别墅：诗人所居别墅，在长安城东灞陵。
②皇甫（fǔ）侍御：即皇甫曾，宫殿中侍御史，诗人好友。
③返照：夕阳的余辉。
④怜同病：同病相怜，诗中用以表明与友人志同道合的心迹。
参考资料：
1、赵丽雅主编．唐诗鉴赏解析：延边人民出版社，2002.04：第422-423页
2、刘斯奋，刘斯翰编著．唐诗：暨南大学出版社，2015.10：第107页
碧涧别墅喜皇甫侍御相访创作背景
唐代宗大历十三年（778年），诗人遭诬陷，贬官睦州（今浙江建德）司马，曾在碧溪坞筑“碧涧别墅”。好友侍御来访，两人在碧涧别墅倾诉衷肠。诗人不免悲喜交集，感慨万端，写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、黄绍筠著．中华古典诗歌吟味：西冷印社，2001.03：第150页
碧涧别墅喜皇甫侍御相访鉴赏
起首二句竭力渲染深秋时节的萧瑟气氛：在荒僻的山村，一抹夕阳斜照着，树上的秋叶纷纷坠落，境界荒凉。诗人此时年逾花甲，也已到了人生的黄昏，生命的秋天。他一生坎坷，因不畏权贵，晚景凄凉，所以面对晚秋夕阳，心头自是感慨万端。秋色衰飒，落叶纷乱，是他心境不能平静的写照。首联描绘荒村返照、落叶纷纷和萧条景象，烘托了颔联友人来访的温暖和可贵。
正值内心思绪繁杂时，“古道无行客，寒山独见君”，他望见平日无人影迹的绵远古道上，自己的友人竟然孤身来访。“古道”与“寒山”极力渲染自己居处幽僻，人迹罕至，也言门前冷落，无人造访。诗人相识虽多，如今遭逢不幸，被诬贬谪，又居处山野，古道难行，惟有皇甫侍御却不避秋寒，甘冒风霜，攀山越岭来访，一个“独”字，足显出二个相知相念的深挚情谊，显出诗人内心激荡着喜悦之情。淡笔写来，上下二句对比，更显示人事寂寥中友情的可贵。
第三联“野桥经雨断，涧水向田分”，以野桥上承荒村，古道，又点出友人来访时的气候特征：一场秋雨之后，山野小桥被大水冲断，山涧中溪水暴涨，溢向岸边田地。而友人却不顾山路泥泞而来，引出下边“不为怜同病，何人到白云”。诗人与皇甫侍御乃是志气相投，同病相怜。尽管诗人幽居白云深处，与世隔绝，友人依然与他心息相通。语感既有欣喜，又有感慨。喜的是友人来访，知己重逢，同时又为二人同病相怜的意遇嘘唏慨叹。
全诗表现了对友人过访的惊喜。一个“喜”字说明，好友皇甫侍御来访的深情在刘长卿的心头荡漾，涌起了无限的感激之情。诗人精于造境，诗中先写荒寒、凄寂的晚景以此表现来客之希，再写路途之难以见来客之情真。然诗中于衰败落景描写中，也写出了自己的栖隐中失意的心境与避世心态，诗人写友人独能于此中寻找自己。他仿拂已能从中体会主人这一心绪，这则突出了他们之间共同旨趣，诗人以审美的态度将这一同病相怜的心理表现极有诗意。从艺术上说，含蓄蕴藉，不着痕迹，含感激与感慨之情于言外，是这首诗的魅力所在。除此之外，诗中所绘景物荒寂凄冷，但情味恬淡，意境幽清。
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司马相如《
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上林赋》
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崔涂《
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初过汉江》
刘长卿简介
唐代·刘长卿的简介
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刘长卿(约726 — 约786)，字文房，汉族，宣城（今属安徽）人，唐代诗人。后迁居洛阳，河间（今属河北）为其郡望。玄宗天宝年间进士。肃宗至德中官监察御史，后为长洲县尉，因事下狱，贬南巴尉。代宗大历中任转运使判官，知淮西、鄂岳转运留后，又被诬再贬睦州司马。德宗建中年间，官终随州刺史，世称刘随州。
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