醉太平·讥贪小利者
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两汉]：佚名
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夺泥燕口，削铁针头，刮金佛面细搜求：无中觅有。鹌鹑嗉里寻豌豆，鹭鸶腿上劈精肉，蚊子腹内刳脂油。亏老先生下手！
醉太平·讥贪小利者译文及注释
译文
从燕子口中夺泥，从针头上削铁屑，从贴着金子的菩萨脸上细细刮金：在没有中找有。从鹌鹑的喉囊里找豌豆，从鹭鸶的腿上劈些精肉，从蚊子的肚子里刳脂油。真亏得你老先生能下得去手。
注释
正宫：宫调名。正宫是元曲常用的宫调，十二宫调之一。醉太平：曲牌名。小令兼用。又名“凌波曲”，入“正宫”，亦入“仙吕”“中吕”。首二句须对仗，五、六、七句鼎足对。
夺泥燕口：从燕子口里夺泥。
削铁针头：从针头上削铁。
刮金佛面：从佛像面上刮金。
鹌（ān）鹑（chún）：鸟名，头尾短，状如小鸡。也叫“鹑”。嗉（sù）：鸟类食囊。
鹭（lù）鸶（sī）：水鸟名，腿长而细瘦，栖沼泽中，捕食鱼类。又称白鹭。劈：用刀刮。精肉：瘦肉。
刳（kū）：剖、挖、刮。
老先生：本称极尊者，这里用来讽刺官僚、地主。
参考资料：
1、李 军．唐诗宋词元曲三百首．长春：北方妇女儿童出版社，2002：470
2、李雁 吴冰沁．元散曲经典品读．北京：蓝天出版社，2015：146-147
3、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：392
醉太平·讥贪小利者创作背景
此曲流行于元代，为讽世讥时之作。元代朝廷不给地方官吏发放俸禄，因而掠夺百姓的财富便成了大小官吏谋钱发财的必然途径。此曲正是这种社会背景下的产物。
参考资料：
1、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：392
2、李汉秋 李永祜．元曲精品．北京：北京燕山出版社，1992：160-161
醉太平·讥贪小利者鉴赏
这首小令运用了极度夸张的手法和一系列的巧妙比喻，淋漓尽致地嘲讽了世上那些贪婪成性的猥琐人物。
起首三句，在三个分述和一个总括中，无一字言“贪”，而贪者形象自然跃然纸上。“夺泥燕口”：春天燕子筑巢的时候，是靠着小小的嘴一口一口地衔来泥巴、树枝、羽毛等，一点一点地堆垛起来。一口泥，大约只有人的小指头蛋大小。一只巢，也不知道需要燕子风里雨里飞多少个来回才能筑好。可是这个人却丝毫不怜恤这小小生灵生存的艰辛，不嫌弃它们口里那一点点泥的微不足道，硬是从它们口里夺下一口口泥来！“削铁针头”：其实别说针尖，就是一棵针掉在地上，人们也得摸索半天才能找到。可是这个人硬是能从针头上削下一块铁来拿走！“刮金佛面细搜求”：佛教寺庙里的佛像大多是泥塑或铜雕，表面局部或全身镀金。佛既是彻底悟道者，又是能救济诸难普度众生，是佛教中的膜拜对象。然而，在这个人眼里，佛像完全没有了这种神圣的意义，其所有的价值只在于佛面上那一层薄薄的镀金。他可以全然不顾对佛的冒犯与亵渎，只专心于用刀小心地刮下佛面薄薄的金层。
接下来“无中觅有”一句是对前三句的总括：“无”是一般人眼中的无，“有”是这个人寻觅到的有。他总能在别人都不会注意到的地方找到“可揩之油”“可拔之毛”，让人无法不佩服其眼光的精到敏锐。
五六七句用三个逐步深入的意象，继续挖掘贪者之心：对一切可以捞一把的事物，从不轻易放过。鹌鹑吞到嗉里的豌豆，他要掏出；鹭鸶细长腿上，他要劈下精肉；蚊子小肚内，他要刮出脂油。这一系列艺术的夸张和形象的比喻，鲜明地突出了“贪小利者”的本质。
结句精警，抨击有力。所谓“老先生”者，实指元代的各级官吏，本称极尊者。这里却有的尽是讽刺，反话正说，干净利索却又幽默有力，极富戏剧性。让人惊讶到目瞪口呆，无话可说。
整首小令，显言直说，明白如话，却又潜藏着精心的艺术加工，巧妙运用了夸张和博喻手法，是一首以俗为雅，俗而有趣的俳谑曲中的上乘之作。作者将常人看来根本不可能的六种事物罗列在一起，造成一种奇妙的讽刺效果。正因作者是板起面孔、正经八百地将这些事物罗列在一起，所以才具有了不攻自破的荒唐特点；但动词“夺”“削”“寻”“劈”“刳”的选择、运用和六种比喻排列的工整，以及口语的通俗得体，又显出作者造的苦心经营。遣词造句是经过精心挑选、安排的，然而它给人的整体感却是平白浅近的。它更像一首民谣，于嬉笑怒骂间对当时贪婪无度、黩货病民的贪官污吏、为富不仁者进行了深刻而尖锐的揭露和抨击，生动形象，入木三分，讽刺效果非常强烈。
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纳兰性德《
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采桑子·彤霞久绝飞琼字》
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纳兰性德《
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昭君怨·深禁好春谁惜》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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感寓 其十
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明代：
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童轩
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丹山出异鸟，文采光陆离。高飞薄霄汉，虞网巧空施。
昔当有虞氏，此鸟曾来仪。一鸣恊韶乐，千载应昌期。
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论诗呈双鱼 其四
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明代：
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霍与瑕
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国风虽离乱，时闻平淡音。降及离骚作，哀思不可任。
驰骋不可御，纵横更莫伦。遂为词赋祖，精华世所歆。
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塞上二首 其一
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：
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肃靖王
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天山青控戍楼中，画角呜呜咽晚空。沙碛雨颓逢箭镞，战场风急转河蓬。
李陵望国台犹在，蔡琰悲笳怨未穷。猎骑遥遥入霜雾，鸊鹈泉外夕阳红。
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蝶恋花 客中感春
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清代：
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徐釚
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侬似浮萍漂泊里。不道留侬，到便侬留住。柳絮随风花落处。
为侬又惹閒情绪。
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虞美人 冬夜听雨
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清代：
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沈善宝
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打窗落叶声萧瑟。寒气灯前逼。病来诗思已无聊。添得这般情景、助魂销。
霜鸿阵阵飞何急。岂有愁难说。一番疏雨一番风。知否有人憔悴、小楼中。
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中渡至西俄洛
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清代：
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和瑛
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朝渡雅隆江，浮梁乃舟造。山谷为我庐，又入西南奥。
深林蔽天日，人迹真罕到。凛冽刺毛骨，猬缩马牛踔。