水调歌头·徐州中秋
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宋代]：苏辙
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离别一何久，七度过中秋。去年东武今夕，明月不胜愁。岂意彭城山下，同泛清河古汴，船上载凉州。鼓吹助清赏，鸿雁起汀洲。
坐中客，翠羽帔，紫绮裘。素娥无赖，西去曾不为人留。今夜清尊对客，明夜孤帆水驿，依旧照离忧。但恐同王粲，相对永登楼。
水调歌头·徐州中秋译文及注释
译文
我们离别的太久了，已经是七次中秋。去年的今天在东武之地，我望着明月，愁绪万千。没想到在彭城山下，一起泛舟古汴河上，同去凉州。有鼓吹助兴，惊起汀上的鸿雁。
坐中的客人，穿着华丽。月亮无情，不肯为人留下而西沉。今天晚上有酒待客，明晚又要孤独的的住在船上，离愁依旧。就怕像王粲那样，不得返乡，只能登楼相望。
注释
水调歌头：词牌名。唐朝大曲有《水调歌》，据《隋唐嘉话》，为隋炀帝凿汴河时所作。宋乐入“中吕调”，见《碧鸡漫志》卷四。凡大曲有“歌头”，此殆裁截其首段为之。九十五字，前后片各四平韵。亦有前后片两六言句夹叶仄韵者，有平仄互叶几于句句用韵者。
离别：比较长久地跟人或地方分开。
七度：七次。
今夕：今天。
不胜：无法承担；承受不了。
彭城：彭城，鼓声之城，即今江苏徐州，是黄帝最初的都城。
古汴（biàn）：古汴河。
凉州：曲名，唐开元中西凉州所献。
鼓吹：鼓吹乐。
鸿雁：俗称大雁。
汀（tīng）州：水中小洲。
翠羽帔（pèi），紫绮（qǐ）裘（qiú）：指豪华衣饰。
素娥：即嫦娥，此处指月亮。
无赖：无所倚靠；无可奈何。
曾不：不曾。
清尊：酒器。
水驿：水路驿站。
依旧：照旧。
但恐：但害怕。
王粲（càn）：王粲（177年—217年2月17日），字仲宣。山阳郡高平县（今山东微山两城镇）人。
相对：相望。
水调歌头·徐州中秋创作背景
这首词写于宋神宗熙宁十年（1077年）。是年四月，苏轼离京赴徐州任徐州知州，作者与之偕行。中秋节时，二人一起泛舟赏月，终于得过一个团圆的佳节。然中秋过后，苏辙又要转道赴南都（今河南淮阳）留守签判任，于是在临别前写下此词。
参考资料：
1、刘石．宋词鉴赏大辞典：中华书局，2011年：325
水调歌头·徐州中秋鉴赏
这首词的上片，写出值得珍惜的短暂手足之情的相聚。“离别一何久？七度过中秋。”作者一开始就点出与兄长分别时间之久，并用传统的团圆佳节中秋来计算，其中包含着对兄弟聚少离多的深深怨艾和无奈。“同泛清河古汴”本来是欢乐的，然“船上载凉州”却从听觉里显露出悲凉；“鼓吹助清赏”让人高兴不已，“鸿雁起汀洲”，又从视觉中引发了大雁南归的惆怅。唐人王翰、王之涣都写过著名的七绝《凉州词》，多为乐府歌词，悲凉曲调、慷慨决别的边塞曲：“葡萄美酒夜光杯，欲饮琵琶马上催”；“羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关”。此处所用，意味深长。
下片则直接展现诗人内心世界。前三句，只是从宴饮中主人、客人的穿戴里，聊表人们的欢愉心情，可下面却写出了急转之下诗人的内心感受。“素娥无赖西去，曾不为人留”，明月无情，不会为人而滞留。“今夜清尊对客，明夜孤帆水驿，依旧照离忧”，直写情事，明日即将分别；即便明月当头，也是分明地倾泻出两地别愁，“依旧”二字非常好。最后两句，用典却直抒胸臆，“但恐同王粲，相对永登楼”，王粲滞留荆州十二年，不得施展才华，郁闷中他登楼远眺，北望家乡，胸中翻滚着无限乡思乡愁，写出了《登楼赋》。后以“王粲登楼”作为怀念故国乡土的典故。这里，词人以此句做结，倾诉出未来的日月：宦游茫茫，前途未卜；亲人相隔，幽幽愁绪的别样的深沉。本来是百日逍遥堂欢乐的手足相聚，到头来却是迎来生离别的无奈，也许这就是人生的必然。
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张养浩《
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折桂令·中秋》
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苏轼《
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念奴娇·中秋》
苏辙简介
唐代·苏辙的简介
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苏辙（1039—1112年），字子由，汉族，眉州眉山（今属四川）人。嘉祐二年（1057）与其兄苏轼同登进士科。神宗朝，为制置三司条例司属官。因反对王安石变法，出为河南推官。哲宗时，召为秘书省校书郎。元祐元年为右司谏，历官御史中丞、尚书右丞、门下侍郎因事忤哲宗及元丰诸臣，出知汝州，贬筠州、再谪雷州安置，移循州。徽宗立，徙永州、岳州复太中大夫，又降居许州，致仕。自号颍滨遗老。卒，谥文定。唐宋八大家之一，与父洵、兄轼齐名，合称三苏。
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葛立方
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破纽绝络兮民不支，不了兰藏兮举世无医。病在腠兮废汤熨，未至血脉兮乃施针石。
布指于位兮息至不知，阴阳倒置兮寒凉逆施。内实兮饵之桂附，中乾兮反投消以蠹。