湘江静
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宋代]：史达祖
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暮草堆青云浸浦。记匆匆、倦篙曾驻。渔榔四起，沙鸥未落，怕愁沾诗句。碧袖一声歌，石城怨、西风随去。沧波荡晚，菰蒲弄秋，还重到、断魂处。
酒易醒，思正苦。想空山、桂香悬树。三年梦冷，孤吟意短，屡烟钟津鼓。屐齿厌登临，移橙后、几番凉雨。潘郎渐老，风流顿减，闲居未赋。
湘江静鉴赏
这是一首旧地重游、抚今追昔纯写旅怀的词。这首词全篇构思很有特点。它以前经驻舟的断魂处为主脉，综合古今，反反复复。例如“暮草”一句写荒野景色，为古今所同见，“渔榔”五句，是过去见闻，为断魂处的具体描写。“沧波”三句，对转而写今日。
下片从断魂入手，重点写当天的感受。“酒易醒”三句承上启下，上承断魂，“孤吟”三句，转到闲居。
“三年”三句，写当日天涯倦客，回忆过去关津生活，也是对古今感受的概括而说的。“屐齿”二句，转写未来，遐想对未来生活的安排，“潘郎”三句，又转到现在，与“洒易醒”三句遥相呼应。上下贯通一气。
“暮草”五句，既是旧地重游的追忆，又是旧地重游的感慨。“暮草堆青云浸浦”，是前游时看到的水国荒凉的晚景。在这草暗云沉的景色里，听到的是驱鱼的声音，看到的是沙鸥的身影，“倦”字指对旅途奔波的厌倦，这就是从前驻篙的地方。“榔”当作“桹”。岳《西征赋》李善注引《说文》曰：“桹，高木也。”并对《赋》中“纤经连白，鸣桹厉响”解释说：“以长木叩船有声。言曳纤经于前，鸣长桹于后，所以惊鱼，令人网也。”陆龟蒙《渔具诗序》“扣而骇之曰桹”，注云：“以薄板置瓦器上，击之以驱鱼。”他的《鸣桹诗》说得更具体：“铿如木铎音，势若金钲急。驱之就深处，用以资俯拾。”以上通过词人的回忆，描绘了一幅愁肠百结的处境，构成了一种诗境，二者结合在一起，所以“怕愁沾诗句”。“怕”字既写不是滋味的心理状态，又写出了诗句未成匆匆离去的原因。
“碧袖”二句，笔锋陡转，深入写愁。诗句没有写成，哀怨的歌声又突然传来，声声哀怨，融入秋风，把愁境的描写推进了一层。“碧袖歌”即罗袖歌，指妇女的歌声。张先《转声虞美人》词：“一声歌掩双罗袖。”“石城怨”，即《石城乐》，刘宋时臧质所作，见《唐书·乐志》。张祜《莫愁乐》诗：“侬居石城下，郎到石城游。自郎石城出，长在石城头。”所以称为怨歌。从首句至此纯用追叙，回忆前游，令人魂断。这样的地方，词人是来了一次，不会想第二次的。
“沧波”三句，写作客孤身，重来旧地。时间仍然是秋天的傍晚，景色仍然是沧波茫茫，菰蒲无际。这草暗云沉的水国，本来是不想来的，结果却来了。在“重到断魂处”上用了一个“还”字，说明了并非自作多情，来寻旧踪，而是浪迹西东，无意重到。越想忘记过去，反而越忘记不了。这种怅惘不甘的心情，和苏轼《夜泛西湖》诗说的“菰蒲无边水茫茫，荷花夜开风露香”的娱快心情相比，是迥然不同的。
下片写重来时的感想，用酒解愁，酒易醒，愁却不可解；不愿奔波，却奔波不已，所以愁思正苦。“想空山”句，正面抒写怀抱。当怅惘之际，想到淮南小山的招隐，词意一转。《楚辞·招隐士》云：“桂树重生兮山之幽。”又云：“攀援桂枝兮聊淹留。”幽山留隐，令人神往。“悬”字从李贺《金铜仙人辞汉歌》“画栏桂树悬秋香”来，突出了对隐居生活的热爱。
“想”字上承“思正苦”，下贯《闲居》未赋。愁不可解，是第一层；旅途多怀，是第二层；归隐之想，是第三层。层层关连，一层深似一层，词人把翻腾着的千思万想揭示得淋漓尽致。
“三年”三句，总结近年生活，艰难备尝，十分凄苦。三年之间，屡闻“津钟烟鼓”，把终日奔波之苦，写得具体、形象。早晨渡头的钟声，黄昏关山的雾鼓，这样的生活，居然只身屡经，怎不令人梦冷意短？这三句与上片诗句未成、断魂处重到相映照，说明酒所以易醒、思所以正苦的原因。这种与上片欲断还连的手法，把今昔奔波生活，表现得委婉曲折。
“屐齿”二句，紧承上文。“屐齿厌登临”，直连烟津钟鼓，厌奔波的痛苦，“移橙”句，遥接空山桂香，想归隐的生活。杜甫《遣意》诗云：“衰年催酿黍，细雨更移橙。渐喜交游绝，幽居不用名。”移橙以后，凉雨几番。词人想到的是，随着时光的流逝，交游的渐绝，可以享受空山桂香的快乐。词人不直接抒写对仕途奔波的不，却用移橙凉雨的景色抒情，形象饱满，情景交融。
结拍三句，用潘岳《闲居赋序》：“自弱冠涉乎知命之年，八徙官而一进阶，再免，一除名，一不拜职，迁者三而已矣。虽通塞有遇，抑亦拙者之效也。”潘岳是自叹“拙宦”的。词人对自己的遭遇深为不满，但又不愿直说，故借奔波跋涉的厌倦，写拙宦的悲哀。
年岁渐老，风流顿减，但《闲居赋》却没有写出来。不正面说归隐不得是环境造成的，却反面说未赋闲居，责任在于自己。这三句看来心静如水，语言十分平淡无奇，实际上充满了对现实的不满和牢骚，平淡的语言里流露出激愤，意味隽永。以归隐不得之人，面对断魂之地，不能不激起感情的波涛。
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上一首：
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史达祖《
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齐天乐（秋兴）》
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下一首：
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史达祖《
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庆清朝》
史达祖简介
唐代·史达祖的简介
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史达祖1163～1220？年，字邦卿，号梅溪，汴（河南开封）人。一生未中第，早年任过幕僚。韩侂胄当国时，他是最亲信的堂吏，负责撰拟文书。韩败，史牵连受黥刑，死于贫困中。史达祖的词以咏物为长，其中不乏身世之感。他还在宁宗朝北行使金，这一部分的北行词，充满了沉痛的家国之感。今传有《梅溪词》。存词112首。
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聂绀弩
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冰道银河似耶非？魂存瀑死梦依稀。
一痕界破千山雪，匹练能裁几件衣。