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不耻下问的成语故事


不耻下问

拼音bù chǐ xià wèn

基本解释不耻:不以为耻辱;下问:降低身份请教别人。不以向比自己学识差或地位低的人去请教为可耻。形容虚心求教。

出处先秦 孔子《论语 公冶长》:“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之文也。”何晏集解:“下问,谓凡在己下者。”



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不耻下问的典故

春秋时代的孔子是我国伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家,儒家学派的创始人。人们都尊奉他为圣人。然而孔子认为,无论什么人,包括他自己,都不是生下来就有学问的。

一次,孔子去鲁国国君的祖庙参加祭祖典礼,他不时向人询问,差不多每件事都问到了。有人在背后嘲笑他,说他不懂礼仪,什么都要问。孔子听到这些议论后说:“对于不懂的事,问个明白,这正是我要求知礼的表现啊。”

那时,卫国有个大夫叫孔圉(音yu),虚心好学,为人正直。当时社会有个习惯,在最高统治者或其他有地位的人死后,给他另起一个称号,叫谥(音shi)号。按照这个习俗,孔圉死后,授于他的谥号为“文”,所以后来人们又称他为孔文子。

孔子的学生子贡有些不服气,他认为孔圉也有不足的地方,于是就去问孔子:“老师,孔文子凭什么可以被称为‘文’呢?”

孔子回答:“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之‘文’也。”意思是说孔圉聪敏又勤学,不以向职位比自己低、学问比自己差的人求学为耻辱,所以可以用“文”字作为他的谥号。


更多成语出处和典故


※ 与(不耻下问)相关的成语及历史出处:

成语 历史出处

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囊萤映雪

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元 贾仲名《萧淑兰》第一折:“虽无汗马眠霜苦,曾受囊萤映雪劳。”

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多多益善

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西汉 司马迁《史记 淮阴侯列传》:“上曰:‘于君何如?’曰:‘臣多多而益善耳。’”

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和风细雨

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南朝 陈 张正见《陪衡阳游耆阇诗》:“清风吹麦垄,细雨濯梅林。”

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漏洞百出

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姚雪垠《<歧路灯>序》:“我们从《歧路灯》中感到亲切的部分往往不是道貌岸然的人物,而是各种世俗人物,同时也看出来封建礼教和制度的漏洞百出。”

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遁入空门

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清 曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五回:“看破的,遁入空门,我听见,并不惊异。”

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白发苍苍

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唐 韩愈《祭十二郎文》:“吾年未四十,而视茫茫,白发苍苍,而齿牙摇动。”

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不治之症

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鲁迅《伪自由书 电的利弊》:“说先前身受此刑,苦痛不堪,辣汁流入肺脏及心,已成不治之症,即释放亦不免于死云云。”

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婆婆妈妈

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清 曹雪芹《红楼梦》第11回:“宝玉,你忒婆婆妈妈的了。”

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孝子贤孙

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元 刘唐卿《降桑椹》:“圣人喜的是义夫节妇,爱的是孝子贤孙。”

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令人满意

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邓小平《太行区的经济建设》:“合作运动也还不能令人满意。”