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辞源阁a>成语词典置之死地而后生置之死地而后生的故事
置之死地而后生的成语故事

拼音zhì zhī sǐ dì ér hòu shēng
基本解释原指作战把军队布置在无法退却、只有战死的境地,兵士就会奋勇前进,杀敌取胜。后比喻事先断绝退路,就能下决心,取得成功。
出处先秦 孙武《孙子 九地》:“投之亡地然后存,陷之死地然后生。”
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置之死地而后生的典故
韩信,淮阴(今江苏清江西南)人。他是汉王刘邦手下的大将。为了打败项羽,夺取天下,他为刘邦定计,先攻取了关中,然后东渡黄河,打败并俘虏了背叛刘邦、听命于项羽的魏王豹,接着往东攻打赵王歇。
韩信的部队要通过一道极狭的山口,叫井径口。赵王手下的谋士李左军主张一面堵住井陉口,一面派兵抄小路切断汉军的辎重粮草,韩信的远征部队没有后援,就一定会败走;但大将陈余不听,仗着兵力优势,坚持要与汉军正面作战。 韩信了解到这一情况,非常高兴。他命令部队在离井陉三十里的地方安营,到了半夜,让将士们吃些点心,告诉他们打了胜仗再吃饱饭。随后,他派出两千轻骑从小路隐蔽前进,要他们在赵军离开营地后迅速冲入赵军营地,换上汉军旗号;又派一万军队故意背靠河水排列阵势来引诱赵军。
到了天明,韩信率军发动进攻,双方展开激战。不一会,汉军假意败回水边阵地,赵军全部离开营地,前来追击。这时,韩信命令主力部队出击,背水结阵的士兵因为没有退路,也回身猛扑敌军。赵军无法取胜,正要回营,忽然营中已插遍了汉军旗帜,于是四散奔逃。汉军乘胜追击,打了一个大胜仗。 在庆祝胜利的时候,将领们问韩信:“兵法上说,列阵可以背靠山,前面可以临水泽,现在您让我们背靠水排阵,还说打败赵军再饱饱地吃一顿,我们当时不相信,然而竟然取胜了,这是一种什么策略呢?”
韩信笑着说:“这也是兵法上有的,只是你们没有注意到罢了。兵法上不是说‘陷之死地而后生,置之亡地而后存’吗?如果是有退路的地方,士兵都逃散了,怎么能让他们拼命呢!”
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